中国公众空气质量感知的时空演化及其驱动因素分析  

Study on Spatio-Temporal Changes and Driving Factors of Public Perception of Air Quality in China

作　　者：杨春玉 董战峰 顾湘[1] 汪俊峰[1,3] YANG Chunyu;DONG Zhanfeng;GU Xiang;WANG Junfeng(Emergency Management College,Institute of Public Safety Governance,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning,Beijing 100012,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC),Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control,School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学应急管理学院公共安全治理研究院,江苏南京210044 [2]生态环境部环境规划院,北京100012 [3]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室,大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第12期2653-2664,共12页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(No.72304146);国家社科基金重大项目(No.20&ZD091);广西重点研发计划(No.桂科AB24010074)。

摘　　要：研究公众空气质量感知的时空演化及其驱动因素,是促进公众对空气污染风险做出理性判断、提升公众生态环境获得感、幸福感、安全感以及对政府环境保护工作满意度的关键问题。本文基于2003-2021年中国省级数据(由于数据缺失,不包含西藏自治区以及港澳台地区数据),运用空间自相关和空间回归模型分析公众空气质量感知的时空异质性,并从物理空间、社会空间和信息空间3个方面探讨我国公众空气质量感知的驱动因素。结果表明:①我国公众空气质量感知总体水平呈改善趋势,且具有显著的空间差异,其改善程度呈西部>中部>东北>东部的空间分布格局。②从不同因素的空间效应来看,大气污染综合指数对公众空气质量感知水平具有负向的直接影响;地方能见度水平对公众空气质量感知水平具有负向的空间溢出效应;在社会空间中,地方GDP增长指数对公众空气质量感知水平具有正向的直接影响和负向的空间溢出效应,地方政府环保力度对公众空气质量感知水平具有正向的空间溢出效应;在信息空间中,地方互联网发展水平和地方政府环境信息公开程度对公众空气质量感知水平具有正向的空间溢出效应。③总体看来,地方政府环保力度、地方互联网发展水平和地方政府环境信息公开程度对公众空气质量感知水平的改善具有促进效用;大气污染综合指数、地方能见度水平和地方GDP增长指数等因素对公众空气质量感知水平的改善具有抑制作用。研究建议因地制宜地全面优化影响公众空气质量感知水平的物理空间、社会空间和信息空间,完善空气质量感知测度数据的空间细度和提高空气质量监测数据的空间密度,探索大气污染-感知协同治理模式。Investigating the temporal and spatial evolution of public perception of air quality,along with its driving factors,is crucial for fostering rational assessments of air pollution risks and enhancing public ecological well-being,sense of gain,satisfaction,and security with governmental environmental protection efforts.Utilizing provincial-level data from 2003 to 2021 in China,this study employs spatial autocorrelation and spatial regression models to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of public air quality perception while examining its driving factors through the lenses of physical space,social space,and information space.The findings reveal:(1)An overall improvement in public air quality perception across China is evident;however,significant spatial disparities exist.The trend indicates a hierarchy:‘Western>Central>Northeastern>Eastern’.(2)Analysis of various factors′spatial effects shows that,within physical space,local air pollution levels negatively impact improvements in public perception of air quality.In contrast,within social space,economic development positively correlates with enhancements in local perceptions,while local environmental protection initiatives also benefit neighboring areas’perceptions.Regarding information space,both internet development levels and the government environmental information disclosure index(PITI)demonstrate significance only under certain direct or indirect conditions.(3)Overall assessment indicates that advancements in local environmental protection efforts and PITI positively contribute to improving public air quality perception;while elevated levels of local air pollution and economic growth inhibit such improvements.Finally,this paper advocates for policy recommendations,including optimizing the factors influencing public perceptions,namely physical space,social space,and information dissemination strategies.It also suggests further refining the spatial resolution for measuring perceived air quality data,increasing the density of monitoring data related to actua

关 键 词：公众感知 空气质量 物理空间 社会空间 信息空间 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]