变转速工况下数控机床凸轮轴形位误差自动化补偿方法研究  

Research on automatic compensation method for camshaft shape and position error of CNC machine tools under variable speed working conditions

作　　者：睢雪亮 夏景攀 SUI Xueliang;XIA Jingpan(Henan technician institute,Zhengzhou 450000 China)

机构地区：[1]河南技师学院,郑州450000

出　　处：《自动化与仪器仪表》2024年第10期14-18,共5页Automation & Instrumentation

基　　金：2023年河南省终身教育专项课题和课程开发项目:豫教[2023]70037。

摘　　要：由于凸轮轴的形状复杂,机床需要不断改不转速,凸轮轴的形位误差计算过程较为复杂,使得加工过程会产生控制误差。提出变转速工况下数控机床凸轮轴形位误差自动化补偿方法。通过分析数控机床的双轴联动凸轮轴加工模式,从凸轮轴转角、砂轮给进位移、磨削点线速度等方面综合考量,计算凸轮轴磨削过程中的运动参数。将凸轮轴的形位误差计算问题,转化为X-C双轴作业过程中的偏移问题,通过X轴、C轴偏移误差的计算,推导出形变误差的补偿量。基于交叉耦合控制结构的PID控制器,实现数控机床凸轮轴形位误差的自动化补偿,并结合继电反馈控制装置对PID控制器实施参数整定,优化凸轮轴形位误差的整体补偿精度。实验结果表明:设计的方法能够在高稳定前提下,实现数控机床凸轮轴误差的快速补偿,对凸轮轴的高效生产具有一定意义。Due to the complex shape of the camshaft,the machine tool needs to constantly adjust the speed,and the calculation process of the camshaft’s shape and position error is relatively complex,resulting in control errors in the machining process.Propose an automated compensation method for camshaft shape and position errors in CNC machine tools under variable speed operating conditions.By analyzing the dual axis linkage camshaft machining mode of CNC machine tools,comprehensively considering the camshaft angle,grinding wheel feed displacement,grinding point line speed,and other aspects,the motion parameters during camshaft grinding process are calculated.Translate the calculation problem of camshaft shape and position error into the offset problem during X-C dual axis operation,and derive the compensation amount for deformation error through the calculation of X-axis and C-axis offset errors.A PID controller based on cross coupling control structure is used to achieve automatic compensation of camshaft shape and position errors in CNC machine tools.Combined with relay feedback control devices,parameter tuning of the PID controller is implemented to optimize the overall compensation accuracy of camshaft shape and position errors.The experimental results show that the designed method can achieve rapid compensation of camshaft errors in CNC machine tools under high stability conditions,which has certain significance for efficient production of camshafts.

关 键 词：X-C双轴作业 误差控制 PID控制器 参数整定 数控机床 

分 类 号：TG596[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]