北宋时期“异论相搅”思想及其实践影响  

The Thought of“The Game of Different Political Views”During the Northern Song Dynasty and Its Practical Influence

作　　者：王智临 Wang Zhilin

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院

出　　处：《政治思想史》2024年第4期19-34,197,共17页Journal of the History of Political Thought

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“黄河文化融入中华民族共同体意识教育的内在机理和实践进路研究”(24YJA710044)的阶段成果。

摘　　要：为抑制臣权膨胀,北宋自赵匡胤开始全面推行重文抑武方针,同时探索了一套包括“异论相搅”在内的“驭臣宝训”,以防范诸臣“万口同议”而为非。“异论相搅”思想的政治实践,不仅令庆历新政草草收场,更成为熙宁变法进程的严重阻碍。反对派借“异论相搅”之名,通过“三不足”“游宴会”等流言、王安石借《淮南杂说》表达“异志”“不臣之心”的文字狱等手段打击变法派,导致王安石二次罢相,变法失利。“异论相搅”虽有强化皇权之利,但也令宋王朝党争不断,极大动摇了统治根基。In order to curb the expansion of ministerial power,the Northern Song Dynasty began to fully implement the policy of valuing civil servants over military commanders since Zhao Kuangyin.At the same time,a set of strategies,including“the game of different political views”,were explored to control ministers,in order to prevent them acting improperly“everyone’s opinion being unanimous”.The political practice of“the game of different political views”not only led to the hasty conclusion of the Qingli New Policy,but also became a serious obstacle to the process of the Xining Reform.The opposition,under the pretext of stirring up dissenting opinions,used rumors such as“three shortcomings”and“banquets”,as well as Wang Anshi’s use of“Huainan Zashuo”to express“dissenting opinions”and“disloyal intentions”through literary inquisition to attack the reformists,resulting in Wang Anshi’s second dismissal as prime minister and the failure of the reform.Although there were benefits to the strengthening of imperial power through the mixing of different theories,it also led to continuous factional struggles in the Song Dynasty,greatly shaking the foundation of its rule.

关 键 词：“异论相搅” 熙宁变法 “驭臣宝训” 祖宗之法 

分 类 号：D092[政治法律—政治学] K244[历史地理—历史学]