正义与神意--自然状态学说视野下的普鲁塔克与伊壁鸠鲁派之争  

Justice and Divine Providence——A Research on the Controversy Between Plutarch and the Epicureans from the Perspective of the Theory of Natural State

作　　者：肖训能 Xiao Xunneng

机构地区：[1]重庆大学人文社会科学高等研究院

出　　处：《政治思想史》2024年第4期54-70,198,共18页Journal of the History of Political Thought

摘　　要：作为古典政治哲学传统的坚定捍卫者,普鲁塔克与其思想语境中的伊壁鸠鲁派发生了激烈的思想论争。依循柏拉图-亚里士多德传统,普鲁塔克批判了伊壁鸠鲁派笔下自然状态中的人性论和政治生活中的约定性正义观,并以对“人的自然政治性”和“神意”的双重确信和维护,意图将神圣正义设立为人世正义的标准和模范。在普鲁塔克的设想中,统治者是神在地上的形象,也是法律的活化身;他们应当在哲人的帮助下,通过模仿神及其神法,让理性成为法律的准绳,从而为人世的政治生活奠定正义和德性的根基。As a staunch defender of the tradition of classical political philosophy,Plutarch engaged in intense ideological debates with the Epicureans in his intellectual context.Following the Platonic-Aristotelian tradition,Plutarch deeply criticized the Epicureans’view on human nature in the pre-political state(corresponding to the state of nature in modern political philosophy)and the contractual justice in political life.With a firm belief in both the idea of“man is by nature a political animal”and the existence of divine providence,he sought to establish divine justice as the standard and model for human justice.In Plutarch’s vision,rulers(kings)are the images of god-creator on earth and the“living law”(i.e,nomos empsychos).They should,with the help of philosophers and their teachings,imitate god and his divine law and make reason the criterion of law,thereby laying the foundation for justice and virtue in human political life.

关 键 词：普鲁塔克 伊壁鸠鲁派 自然状态 正义 神意 

分 类 号：B502[哲学宗教—外国哲学] D0[政治法律—政治学] D091