供应链冲击下中国企业的价值链升级路径研究——兼论价值链形态异质性的理论成因及其经验  

Value Chain Upgrading Path for Chinese Firms under the Supply Chain Shock:Also on Theoretical Causes and Empirical Analysis of the Heterogeneity of Value Chain

作　　者：吕越 张昊天 LV Yue;ZHANG Hao-tian(School of International Trade and Economics,University of International Business and Economics,Beijing 100029,China;PBC School of Finance,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院,北京100029 [2]清华大学五道口金融学院,北京100083

出　　处：《北京交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期78-96,共19页Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新发展格局下中国产业链供应链安全稳定战略研究”(21&ZD098)。

摘　　要：确保产业链供应链安全稳定是关系到我国经济高质量发展的关键议题,亟需通过全面识别企业价值链布局特征,探寻各产业的高附加值攀升路径,实现分行业战略设计和精准施策。本文构建了可用于研究不同价值链位置及分布的企业如何实现高附加值攀升的理论框架,采用工企-海关匹配数据,实证考察企业价值链位置、不同升级路径选择与国内附加值创造的关系。研究发现:(1)中国制造业的附加值更多体现在上游关键零部件和下游产品销售两端,而中间制造阶段附加值相对较低;(2)不同行业的价值链分布呈现出明显的异质性特征,也就是说呈现“微笑曲线”“武藏曲线”以及单调分布等不同的形态,对应的高附加值攀升路径选取也有所不同;(3)企业自身与上下游企业的生产率差距和进入成本差距是判断所处行业价值链形态的关键因素;(4)企业应当根据行业的价值链形态和在价值链中的具体位置,选择“强链”“补链”“延链”或“固链”措施,精准制定价值链升级策略。因此,总体上应把握“向产业链两端攀升获取高附加值”核心要领,针对不同企业增强自主创新能力,重视中间制造环节,根据产业链特征精准施策。Ensuring the security and stability of the industrial chain and supply chain is crucial to the high-quality development of China’s economy,therefore a comprehensive identification of the layout character-istics of firms value chain is urgently needed to explore high added-value upgrading path of various indus-tries,so as to realize the strategic design and targeted policy implementation of different industries.This paper constructs a theoretical framework that can be used to study how firms with different value chain po-sition and distribution achieve high added value increase.We use the merged data of the Annual Survey of Industrial Firms and the China Customs Data,and examine the relationship between firms’position on value chain and the domestic value-added.We have the following findings:First,in general,the value-added of China’s manufacturing industry is reflected more in the upstream key components sector and downstream product marketing,while the added value of the intermediate manufacturing stage is relatively low.Second,the value chain distribution of different industries shows distinct heterogeneity,that is,some subdivided industries present a“smile curve”shape,some a“Musashi curve”and others a monoto-nous curve,therefore,their respective high added-value upgrading path should be differentiated.Third,the productivity gap and entry cost gap between the firm and its upstream and downstream firms are key to tell the value chain layout of industry.Fourth,firms should choose differentiated value chain upgrading strategies based on the configuration of the industry’s value chain and their own position,and selectively adopt“strength”,“supplement”,“extension”,and“concentration”measures to achieve targeted design of value chain upgrading strategy.Hence,it is crucial to adhere to the principle of“climbing up the both ends of the value chain to gain high added value”,while enhancing the innovation capabilities,emphasiz-ing the manufacturing stages,and implementing targeted polic

关 键 词：价值链升级 价值链形态 价值链冲击 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理] F42[经济管理—国民经济] F74