结建防空地下室的权利归属  

On the Attribution of the Right to Junction-Built Air Defense Basement

作　　者：薛玉飞 Xue Yufei

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学法学院 [2]辽宁大学私法研究中心

出　　处：《中国不动产法研究》2024年第2期91-113,312,共24页Research on Real Estate Law of China

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“不动产登记视野下自然资源统一登记法律制度研究”(21YJA820011);辽宁省社会科学规划基金重点项目“土地要素市场化配置法律问题研究”(L21ZD041)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：结建防空地下室所有权的归属,缺少法律、理论依据,与实践脱节,导致司法纠纷不断。结建防空地下室的确权登记,应符合“房地一致”原则,即“建筑物所有权”“建设用地使用权”的主体同一。纯化结建防空地下室的“私人物品”属性,其战时权利可借财产权负有的社会义务观念、征收或征用实现。明晰结建防空地下室所占空间的土地权属,即从混沌的“地表建设用地使用权”到独立的“地下建设用地使用权”。结建防空地下室的“开发”建设,应区分新增与存量情况:于新增而言,在房地分离主义下,结建防空地下室是独立的财产,可由开发商享有所有权,其土地权源可以是地下建设用地使用权、土地租赁权,自可首次登记;针对存量部分,可通过“划拨转让”渠道,由开发商享有所有权,办理变更登记,或以“保权”的形式,规范开发商或业主的使用权,维护业主权益。经分割的结建人防车位、车库属于建筑物区分所有中的专有部分,可由业主区分所有,可转移登记。基于公共利益的考量,“维护管理权”可视为与结建防空地下室所有权行使的协同及对其的限制。Due to the lack of legal and theoretical basis,the ownership of junction-built air defense basement is disconnected from practice,which leads to constant judicial disputes.The confirmation and registration of junction-built air defense basement should conform to the principle of"premises legally attached to its site",that is,the subject of"building ownership"and"construction land use right"is the same.Purification of junction-built air defense basement for"personal goods"attribute,and their wartime rights can be realized by the concept of social obligations,expropriation or requisition of property rights.Clarify the land ownership of the space occupied by junction-built air defense basement,from the chaotic"surface construction land use right"to the independent"underground construction land use right".The"development"construction of junction-built air defense basement should be distinguished:As for the new construction,under the separatism of real estate,the construction of junction-built air defense basement is an independent property,which can be owned by the developer.The source of land rights can be the use right of underground construction land and the land lease right,which can be registered for the first time.For the stock part,the developer can enjoy the ownership through the channel of"transfer",handle the change registration,or in the form of"rights reserved",standardize the developer or the owner's right to use,safeguard the owner's rights and interests.The partitioned parking space and garage belong to the exclusive part of the building and can be transferred and registered by the owner.Based on the consideration of public interest,the"right of maintenance and management"can be regarded as the coordination and restriction of the exercise of ownership of junction-built air defense basement.

关 键 词：结建防空地下室 房地一致 地下建设用地使用权 建筑物区分所有 维护管理权 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学] D922.12[政治法律—法学]