不动产抵押权随主债权转让的法律规则研究——基于《民法典》第547条展开  

Legal Analysis of the Transfer of Real Property Mortgage Rights with the Assignment of the Main Claim--Based on Article 547 of the Civil Code

作　　者：卢家燕 Lu Jiayan

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院 [2]中山大学司法体制改革研究中心

出　　处：《中国不动产法研究》2024年第2期166-184,314,315,共21页Research on Real Estate Law of China

基　　金：教育部重大攻关项目“民法典民族性表达与制度供给研究”(21JZD033)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：不动产抵押权随主债权转让是否需要登记,理论与实务对此展开了旷日持久的论战,主流观点采取了登记不必要说。《民法典》第547条新增第2款,肯定了不动产抵押权随主债权转让不以登记为生效要件,贯彻了从属性原则。该制度设计一方面为债权转让尤其是不良债权的处置降低了交易成本,提高了效率;但另一方面也因物权存在不准确的公示,物权状态存在形式上和事实上的脱离,而给实体和程序埋下隐患。在确立任意登记的同时,仍需谨慎面对不动产抵押权随主债权转让中的权利冲突与程序障碍。实体上,既要完善《民法典》第547条第2款,正面明确抵押权转移登记的效力,也要完成善意取得与抵押权随主债权转让规则的制度衔接。程序上,人民法院应当为受让人变更程序主体提供便利,对于利用规则规避法律与执行的行为进行严格审查,作出合理的判决。同时,还需要完善我国不动产抵押登记制度,努力实现权利外观与物权归属相一致的理想状态。Whether the transfer of real property mortgage rights with the main claim needs to be registered has been a long-standing debate in both theoretical and practical circles,and the mainstream view has adopted the view that registration is unnecessary.The new paragraph 2 of Article 547 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China affirms that the transfer of real property mortgage rights with the main claim does not take registration as the effective requirement,that is to say,it adopts the mode of arbitrary registration and implements the principle of subordination.On the one hand,the system of arbitrary registration reduces the transaction cost and improves the efficiency for the transfer of claims,especially the disposal of non-performing loans,on the other hand,the inaccurate publicity of property rights and the separation of the state of property rights in form and in fact lay down hidden dangers for the entity and procedure,which need to be sorted out and studied.While establishing arbitrary registration,one still needs to be cautious of the legal risks in the transfer of real property mortgage rights with the main claim.In terms of substantive law,it is necessary to improve paragraph 2 of Article 547 of the Civil Code,which positively clarifies the effect of registration of transfer of real property mortgage rights,and to complete the institutional connection between the rules of good faith acquisition and assignment of real property mortgage rights with the main claim.In terms of procedural law,the courts shall provide convenience for the assignee to change the subject of procedure,strictly examine the behavior of circumventing law and execution by rules,and make a reasonable judgment.At the same time,it is also necessary to improve China's real property mortgage registration system,and strive to achieve the ideal state that the appearance of rights is consistent with the attribution of property rights.

关 键 词：不动产抵押权 债权让与 法律风险 不动产登记 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]