国际舆论场域涉华议题的话语质量及“协商美德螺旋”研究  

Research on Discourse Quality of China-related Discussions in Global Public Sphere and the"Spiral of Deliberative Virtue"

作　　者：关天如 刘金波 Guan Tianru;Liu Jinbo(Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学新闻与传播学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]武汉大学媒体发展研究中心

出　　处：《学术论坛》2024年第5期125-137,共13页Academic Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“涉华虚假信息治理研究”(22CXW009)。

摘　　要：数字技术已全面重构国际传播的信息格局,跨国平台成为民众了解国际事务的核心渠道,也是政府汇聚民意的窗口与制定对外政策的依凭。在这样的背景下,我们不仅要关注世界在讨论中国“什么”,也要了解民众在“怎样”讨论,亦即关注涉华议题在跨国平台上的话语质量。多元包容还是极化对立,文明礼貌还是野蛮粗暴,有理有据还是主观臆断,就事论事还是立场先行,这些要素决定国际舆论场中有关国际事务的讨论将涵养理解还是培育冲突。文章通过提出“国际议题话语质量指数”,采纳机器学习方法,考察了国际问答平台上涉华议题的话语质量。研究表明,涉华议题呈现出较高程度的话题聚焦度、论证理性和文明性,但互动程度较低,排外情绪和国际主义都不明显。此外,高质量的涉华讨论会牵引出高质量的话语反馈。我国可从用户、平台规章、外宣媒体、技术四个角度出发,提升全球舆论场域中涉华讨论的话语质量,增强有效互动,推动以跨国平台涵养理解、文明与互谅。Digital technology has comprehensively reshaped the information landscape of international communications,with multinational platforms emerging as pivotal channels for citizens to stay informed about international affairs,and serving as windows for governments to gather public opinions and formulate foreign policies.It is imperative to not only focus on what the world is discussing about China but also understand how the populace is engaging in these discussions,i.e.,the discourse quality of China-related issues on multinational platforms.Whether the discourse trends towards inclusiveness or polarization,civility or brutality,rationality or conjecture,topic-relevance or presetting standpoint,these factors determine whether discussions about international affairs in global sphere will foster mutual understanding or nurture conflict.By proposing the Index of Discourse Quality on International Affairs,this paper adopts machine learning to examine the discourse quality of China-related discussions on international Q&A platforms.The results show that topics related to China exhibit a high degree of focus,rational argumentation,and civility,a low level of interaction,as well as inapparent xenophobia or internationalism.Moreover,high-quality discussions tend to elicit high-quality feedbacks.It is recommended to enhance the discourse quality of China-related discussions in the global public sphere and promote effective interactions by focusing on four aspects:users,platform regulations,official media,and technologies,thereby fostering rationality,civility,and mutual understanding on the global platforms.

关 键 词：全球舆论场域 话语质量 涉华议题 国际传播 机器学习 

分 类 号：G20[文化科学—传播学]