21世纪日本高等教育改革的两个重要指向---胡建华教授专访  

Two Important Directions of Japanese Higher Education Reform in the 21st Century:An Interview with Professor Hu Jianhua

作　　者：胡建华[1,2] 于正阳[1] HU Jian-hua;YU Zheng-yang(School of Education Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210097,China;Institute of Chinese Education Reform and Development,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210097,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院,江苏南京210097 [2]南京师范大学中国教育改革与发展研究院,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（教育科学版）》2024年第4期98-107,共10页Journal of Soochow University(Educational Science Edition)

摘　　要：建立和完善国立大学法人制度与高等教育第三方评价制度是21世纪日本高等教育改革的两个重要指向。法人化改革在很大程度上变革了日本国立大学的设置形态和治理体制,国立大学获得“国立大学法人”资格,办学自主性和自律性不断加强;其内部管理机制也发生变化,大学权力重心由学部向学校方向发生“位移”,决策流程由传统的“自下而上”模式向“自上而下”模式转变。高等教育第三方评价以法律制定作为制度建设基础,以程序规范保障大学评价顺利实施,以定性标准助推大学个性化、特色化、多样化发展,以信息公开和公众监督确保大学评价结果的公正性,从而完善了日本高等教育质量保障制度。进一步探索改进国立大学内外部治理体系,持续优化大学评价机制,继续推进大学个性化、特色化和多样化发展是未来日本高等教育改革发展的主要趋势。The establishment and improvement of the national university corporation system and the third-party evaluation system of higher education are two important directions of the reform of Japanese higher education in the 21st century.The corporatization reform has greatly changed the establishment form and governance system of national universities in Japan.National universities have not only obtained the status of“national university corporation”,but also strengthened their autonomy and self-discipline in running schools.Its internal management mechanism has also changed,the center of power of the university has“shifted”from the department to the university,and the decision-making process has changed from the traditional“bottom-up”mode to“top-down”mode.The third-party evaluation of higher education takes legal formulation as the basis for system construction,ensures smooth implementation of university evaluation with procedural norms,promotes personalized,characteristic and diversified development of universities with qualitative standards,and ensures fairness of university evaluation results with information disclosure and public supervision,thus improving the quality assurance system of Japanese higher education.Further exploring and improving the internal and external governance system of national universities,continuously optimizing the university evaluation mechanism,and continuing to promote the personalized,distinctive and diversified development of universities are the main trends of the reform and development of Japanese higher education in the future.

关 键 词：日本高等教育改革 大学治理 国立大学法人化 高等教育质量保障 第三方大学评价 

分 类 号：G649.1[文化科学—高等教育学]