人口负增长背景下日本应对高校倒闭的策略及启示  

Strategies and Implications of Japan,s Response to University Closures Against the Background of Negative Population Growth

作　　者：陈先哲[1] 叶雨欣 CHEN Xian-zhe;YE Yu-xin(School of Education Science,South China Normal University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510631,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学教育科学学院,广东广州510631

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（教育科学版）》2024年第4期119-129,共11页Journal of Soochow University(Educational Science Edition)

基　　金：2023年度国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“人口负增长与高等教育扩张的叠加效应及风险规避研究”(项目编号:BIA230198)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：作为长期以来受人口负增长影响的东亚国家,日本已经持续出现高校倒闭现象,并发展出较为成熟的应对策略。日本高校倒闭的主要特征是以地方小规模的私立短期大学为主,并带来了本科大学反而扩张的连锁反应。一方面,在应对高校倒闭的善后策略方面,日本建立了较为完善的法律程序,主要以重建型破产处理和清算型破产处理为主,并注重做好师生的善后安置工作;另一方面,在防范高校倒闭的前瞻策略方面,日本也有大力开拓生源、促进院校合并重组、推行教育改革等举措和布局。这对进入人口负增长时期的中国高等教育的启示是,我国应未雨绸缪,从建立高校风险预警与评估机制、完善高校退出法律程序、调整优化高等教育结构和创新高校人才培养模式等方面进行布局。As an East Asian country affected by negative population growth for a long time,Japan has continued to experience university closures and has developed mature response strategies.The main characteristic of the closure of Japanese universities is that they are mainly small-scale private short-term universities in local areas,which has led to a chain reaction of expansion of undergraduate universities.On the one hand,Japan has established relatively complete legal procedures in response to the bankruptcy of universities,mainly focusing on reconstruction bankruptcy and liquidation bankruptcy,and paying attention to the post-bankruptcy resettlement work of teachers and students.On the other hand,in terms of forward-looking strategies to prevent the closure of universities,Japan has also vigorously explored student sources,promoted the merger and reorganization of universities,and implemented educational reforms and layouts.This has beneficial implications for China's higher education,which has entered a period of negative population growth.China should establish a risk warning and evaluation mechanism for universities,improve the legal procedures for university exit,adjust and optimize the structure of higher education,and innovate the talent training mode of universities to make proactive arrangements.

关 键 词：人口负增长 日本高等教育 高校倒闭 

分 类 号：G511[文化科学—教育学]