汉英动词本身表示动量的异同比较  

A comparison of verbs used for self-motion momentum between Chinese and English

作　　者：万光荣 张青 Wan Guangrong;Zhang Qing

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学外国语学院 [2]滁州学院外国语学院

出　　处：《西安外国语大学学报》2024年第4期1-6,共6页Journal of Xi’an International Studies University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“汉语意外义的多模态表达与效果研究”(项目编号:22BYY137)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：汉英都存在利用动词本身表达动量的现象,这类词可称为“动词动量”。动词动量在汉语中是“V一V”结构中的后一个V,在英语中是“轻动词+a+VVC”结构中从其同形动词转化而来的VVC。本文在分析汉英动词动量允准条件的基础上,进行异同比较,结果发现:(1)二者的相同点在于:倾向单音节词,不带时态或语态标记,表达短时且少量的含义,属于基本语义域;(2)不同点在于:英语动词动量前面有不定冠词,可以被形容词修饰,可以用代词替换,具有更强的指称性;(3)主要动因是双语中言者需要进行细腻化表达,并通过转类和仿拟构词在形式上加以实现。Both Chinese and English have verbs expressing self-motion momentum such as frequency,duration and intensity of the action,thus shortened as verbs used for verbal classifiers(VVCs).VVCs appear as the second verb in the Chinese con-struction of"V yi V"and nouns converted from their cognate verbs in the English construction of"light verb+a+N".Based on the analysis of constrictions,the present article makes a comparative study of VVCs between Chinese and English and ar-rives the following conclusions:(1)VVCs in both languages are similar in that they are mostly monosyllabic ones without tense or voice markers and express actions of a short duration and small quantity;(2)English VVCs have a stronger referential fea-ture in terms of event momentum as they are usually preceded by the indefinite article"a",and can be modified by adjectives or replaced by pronouns;and (3)VVCs are used to convey the speaker's precise expressions and realized by means of conver-sion and mimetic word formation.

关 键 词：动量词 动词动量 汉英比较 轻动词+a+VVC 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]