中美国家公园环境教育实践比较研究——以黄石与三江源国家公园为例  

A comparative study on environment education practices in national parks of China and the United States:two case studies of Yellowstone National Park and Three-River-Source National Park

作　　者：郭鸿筱 刘昱齐 刘晶岚[1] GUO Hongxiao;LIU Yuqi;LIU Jinglan(School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083

出　　处：《自然保护地》2024年第4期1-10,共10页Natural Protected Areas

基　　金：亚太森林恢复与可持续管理组织项目(2022SP1-CHN)。

摘　　要：【目的】国家公园作为我国自然保护地体系的重要类型,是开展环境教育的天然宝库。然而我国国家公园的环境教育仍处于起步阶段,需要借鉴国外的先进经验,以推动我国国家公园环境教育的发展。【方法】运用文献研究、实地调研和比较研究等方法,聚焦于环境教育的具体实践,对比分析了美国黄石国家公园和我国三江源国家公园在环境教育人才队伍、教育设施、教育课程设计、教育方式、教育内容与受众6个维度的实践现状。【结果】黄石国家公园环境教育实施主体以护林员和队伍庞大的志愿者为主,其教育设施具有包容性和平等性,课程标准与教育标准相适配,内容全面、方式多样、受众群体广泛,但在社区参与和教育质量方面有待提高;三江源国家公园环境教育依靠当地社区和非政府组织,开展高质量的环境教育,但面临着人才不足、课程标准不明晰、面向受众少等问题。【结论】通过对比两个国家公园环境教育实施的差异,总结各自的优点和不足,提出我国应加强环境教育人才队伍建设、完善环境教育设施、制定系统的环境教育课程、多渠道扩大环境教育受众群体的建议,提高公众对自然保护的认知和参与度,从而推动可持续发展目标的实现。【Objectives】National parks play a crucial role in China's natural protected area system,serving as invaluable repositories of nature education resources.However,environmental education in our national parks is still in its early stage and could benefit from drawing upon international best practices to advance its future development in China.【Methods】The methods used in this study included literature research,field investigations,and comparative studies,allowing us to delve into the specific practices of environmental education.Through the analysis and comparison of personnel allocation,educational facilities,curriculum design,teaching methodologies,educational content,and target audience in Yellowstone National Park in the United States and Three-River-Source National Park in China to gain insights.【Results】The implementation of environmental education in Yellowstone National Park relied mainly on forest rangers and dedicated volunteers.The educational facilities were inclusive and egalitarian,with well-aligned curriculum and educational standards.The content is comprehensive and the teaching methods diverse,reaching a wide range of audiences.However,community involvement and education quality could be improved.In contrast,the environmental education in Three-River-Source National Park was based on local communities and non-governmental organizations,resulting in high-quality environmental education.However,challenges such as inadequate personnel,lack of clear curriculum standards,and limited audience outreach needed to be addressed.【Conclusions】By contrasting the differences in environmental education implementation between the two national parks,we can identify their respective strengths and weaknesses.Suggestions were proposed for strengthening the development of the environmental education workforce,improving educational facilities,developing a systematic environmental education curriculum,and audience outreach through various channels.These suggestions aimed to enhance public awareness and pa

关 键 词：国家公园 环境教育 三江源国家公园 黄石国家公园 

分 类 号：X-4[环境科学与工程]