人工智能如何影响了企业创新行为--基于资产专用性视角  

How Does Artificial Intelligence Affect Corporate Innovation Behavior?From the Perspective of Asset Specificity

作　　者：邵慰 刘嘉慧[1] 曹可欣 Shao Wei;Liu Jiahui;Cao Kexin(School of Economics,Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics,Hangzhou 310018,China;Institute of Zhejiang Eight-eight Strategy,Hangzhou 310018,China;Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences,The University of Sydney,NSW 2006,Australia)

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学经济学院,310018 [2]浙江财经大学浙江省“八八战略”研究院,310018 [3]悉尼大学艺术与社会科学学院,NSW2006

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2024年第9期130-149,共20页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“数字赋能浙江制造业高端化、智能化、绿色化发展的机理与路径研究”(23YJZX20YB)的资助。

摘　　要：现阶段,中国面临人工智能广泛应用和企业创新活力不足并存的现实难题,研究人工智能与企业创新行为之间的关系具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文从资产专用性视角出发,利用中国4436家上市公司数据,构建多维固定效应模型,考察了人工智能对企业创新行为的影响。研究发现,人工智能发展应用对企业创新行为具有显著的挤出效应,这一结论在排除各种可能机制后依然稳健,且上述影响在东北地区、非国有企业、小规模企业和高技术性企业中更强。机制分析表明,人工智能通过研发人员替代和专用性固定资产替代两方面对企业创新行为产生影响。本文研究结论为帮助政府和企业了解产业变革趋势,理性看待和应用人工智能技术,正确把握企业发展新机遇提供了有益参考。At present,China faces the dual challenge of the widespread application of artificial intelligence(AI)and insufficient innovation vitality in enterprises.Investigating the relationship between AI and corporate innovation behavior holds significant theoretical and practical implications.This paper,adopting the perspective of asset specificity,utilizes data from 4436 listed companies in China to construct a multi-dimensional fixed effects model to examine the impact of AI on corporate innovation behavior.The study finds that the development and application of AI have a significant crowding-out effect on corporate innovation behavior.This conclusion remains robust even after excluding various possible mechanisms,and the impact is stronger in the northeastern region,non-state enterprises,small-scale enterprises,and high-tech enterprises.Mechanism analysis indicates that AI affects corporate innovation behavior through the substitution of R&D personnel and specific fixed assets.The findings of this study provide valuable references for the government and enterprises to understand industry transformation trends,rationally view and apply AI technology,and correctly grasp new opportunities for corporate development.

关 键 词：人工智能 企业创新行为 资产专用性 泊松回归 

分 类 号：F273.1[经济管理—企业管理] F49[经济管理—国民经济] F832.51