有氮肥缓释功能的腐殖酸基液体地膜的制备与性能  

Preparation and Properties of Humic Acid-Based Liquid Mulching Film with Nitrogen Sustained-Release Function

作　　者：马军 李博 李文卓[1] MA Jun;LI Bo;LI Wenzhuo(College of Science,Nanjing Forestry University,N anjing,Jiangsu 210018,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学,理学院,江苏南京210018

出　　处：《塑料》2024年第6期121-128,共8页Plastics

摘　　要：由于传统的氮肥缓释肥料仅有尿素缓释功能,不能起到覆盖土壤,保持土壤的水分和温度的作用。为了解决该问题,采用腐殖酸、淀粉、尿素和丙烯酸酯单体通过乳液聚合的方法制备了具有氮肥缓释功能的腐殖酸-淀粉-丙烯酸酯(HSA)液体地膜。将HSA液乳液通过喷枪喷涂到土壤表面,自然风干成膜。通过测试乳液的黏度、wicking深度、可喷涂性和成膜性等对乳液进行筛选,采用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱和热重分析技术对HSA膜的结构进行表征。并且,通过测试膜的保温保水能力、力学性能、生物降解性和氮肥缓释能力等分析膜的应用潜力。结果表明,腐殖酸的加入使HSA乳液转变为易喷涂的假塑性流体,并且,能与丙烯酸酯单体形成共聚物,增强了HSA膜的尿素缓释能力,使HSA膜的水中尿素释放时间延长至232 h;与LDPE地膜相比,HSA地膜100 d时的生物降解率为86%。Because the traditional nitrogen slow-release fertilizer only had the function of urea slow-release,it could not play the role of covering soil and keeping soil moisture and temperature.In order to deal with this problem,humic-starch-acrylate(HSA)liquid film was prepared by emulsion polymerization using humic acid,starch,urea and acrylate monomer.The HSA liquid emulsion was sprayed on the surface of the soil by the spray gun to air dry into a film.The emulsions were screened by testing their viscosity,wicking depth,sprayability and film formation,and the structure of HSA films was characterized by scanning electron microscopy,infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis.The application potential of the membrane was evaluated by testing its thermal insulation and water retention ability,mechanical properties,biodegradability and nitrogen fertilizer slow release ability.The results showed that the addition of humic acid could transform the HSA emulsion into a pseudo-plastic fluid which was easy to spray,and form copolymer with acrylate monomer.The urea release ability of HSA film was enhanced,and the urea release time of HSA film in water was extended to 232 h.Compared with LDPE film,the 100 d biodegradation rate of HSA film was 86%.

关 键 词：腐殖酸 氮肥缓释 丙烯酸酯 液体地膜 淀粉 假塑性 

分 类 号：TQ320.73[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]