从电路计算到人工智能--从计算机视角看“诺贝尔物理学奖颁给人工智能学者”  

From circuit calculation to artificial intelligence--A computer science perspective on Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to AI scholars

作　　者：李晓强[1] LI Xiaoqiang(School of Computer Engineering and Science,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学计算机工程与科学学院,上海200444

出　　处：《自然杂志》2024年第6期435-443,共9页Chinese Journal of Nature

摘　　要：从字面意义上看,人工智能和物理学是两个完全不同的学科。实际上,人工智能的另外一个名称是“机器智能”,其中的“机器”是指电子计算机。1946年,电子计算机成功脱胎于能够表达逻辑代数的电路系统(物理学),具有了媲美甚至超越人类计算和记忆(存储)的能力,逐渐发展出一个新的学科——计算机科学。本文从计算机科学的视角,通过概述计算机诞生以来近80年的发展历程,来解读2024年诺贝尔物理学奖颁给人工智能学者的原因。Literally speaking,artificial intelligence and physics are two completely different disciplines.In fact,another name for artificial intelligence is“machine intelligence”,where“machine”refers to electronic computers.In 1946,the electronic computer successfully evolved from a circuit system capable of expressing logical algebra(physics),acquiring computing and storage capabilities that rivaled or even surpassed those of humans,and gradually developed into a new field—computer science.This paper interprets the reasons behind the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics being awarded to AI scholars from the perspective of computer science,by outlining the nearly 80-year history of the birth of computers.

关 键 词：物理学 计算机科学 人工智能 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程] TP30[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程] O4-19[理学—物理]