白鲜不同生育时期营养元素积累规律及分配特征  

The Accumulation Patterns and Distribution Characteristics of Nutrient Elements in Dictamnus dasycarpus During Different Growth Stages

作　　者：邵财[1] 孙海[1] 关一鸣[1] 金桥 王秋霞[1] 张亚玉 Shao Cai;Sun Hai;Guan Yiming;Jin Qiao;Wang Qiuxia;Zhang Yayu(Institute of Special Economic Wild Animals and Plants,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130112,P.R.China;Chengdu University)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院特产研究所,长春130112 [2]成都大学

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2025年第1期35-42,共8页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20210202096NC)。

摘　　要：以3年生白鲜(Dictamnus dasycarpus)为研究对象,通过测定白鲜不同生育时期根、茎、叶的干质量及营养元素含量,分析白鲜不同生育时期营养元素积累规律及分配特征,为白鲜科学精准施肥提供理论依据。结果表明:白鲜在生长过程中,不同营养元素的积累量由大到小的顺序为氮(N)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、钾(K)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu);在生长初期,N、P、K质量分数相对较高,植物对N、P、K元素的需求较大;出苗期至花蕾期,白鲜根中N、P、K的积累量分配比例明显降低,茎叶中积累量分配比例明显增加;从果前期开始,白鲜茎叶中Ca、Mg质量分数和积累量显著增加,在茎叶中分配比例相对较高;果前期和果中期茎叶中Fe、Mn质量分数显著增加,Fe、Mn元素积累量在果中期相对较高,茎叶中分配比例有所增加;根中Zn质量分数从果前期至果中期显著增加,整株积累量显著增大,果中期在根中分配比例达到最大,白鲜茎叶中Cu、Zn质量分数在花蕾期相对较高,在茎叶中的分配比例达到最大。因此,白鲜出苗期至花蕾期需要补充大量元素(N、P、K)及微量元素(Cu、Zn),果前期至果熟期需要补充中量元素(Ca、Mg)和微量元素(Fe、Mn、Zn)。This study focuses on three-year-old Dictamnus dasycarpus , analyzing the accumulation patterns and distribution characteristics of nutrient elements in the roots, stems, and leaves at different growth stages by measuring their dry mass and nutrient content. The findings aim to provide a theoretical basis for precise fertilization of D. dasycarpus . The results showed that during the growth of D. dasycarpus , the accumulation of different nutrient elements follows the order from highest to lowest: nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu). In the early growth stages, the mass fractions of N, P, and K are relatively high, indicating a significant demand for these elements. From seedling to budding stages, the distribution ratio of N, P, and K accumulation in the roots notably decreases, while the distribution ratio in the stems and leaves significantly increases. Starting from the pre-fruit stage, the mass fractions and accumulation of Ca and Mg in the stems and leaves of D. dasycarpus significantly increase, with a relatively high distribution ratio in these organs. During the pre-fruit and mid-fruit stages, the mass fractions of Fe and Mn in the stems and leaves significantly increase, with the accumulation of Fe and Mn being relatively high during the mid-fruit stage and an increase in their distribution ratio in these organs. Additionally, the mass fraction of Zn in the roots significantly increases from the pre-fruit to the mid-fruit stages, and the overall accumulation significantly rises, reaching the maximum distribution ratio in the roots during the mid-fruit stage. The mass fractions of Cu and Zn in the stems and leaves are relatively high during the budding stage, with their distribution ratio peaking at this time. Thus, D. dasycarpus requires substantial supplementation of macronutrients (N, P, K) and micronutrients (Cu, Zn) from the seedling to the budding stages, and requires supplementation of secondary macronutri

关 键 词：白鲜 营养元素 积累 分配 合理施肥 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]