认知增强训练对个体空间导航的提升作用:以空间焦虑为中介  

The Enhancing Effect of Cognitive Training on Spatial Navigation:Spatial Anxiety as A Mediator

作　　者：刘赛芳 张昕祎 陆莹 刘煜 秦奎元 高杨 Liu Saifang;Zhang Xinyi;Lu Ying;Liu Yu;Qin Kuiyuan;Gao Yang(School of Psychology,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an,710062;Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an,710062;School of Public Management,Northwest University,Xi'an,710100;School of Emergency Management,Northwest University,Xi'an,710100;School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an,710119)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学心理学院,西安710062 [2]陕西省行为与认知神经科学重点实验室,西安710062 [3]西北大学公共管理学院,西安710100 [4]西北大学应急管理学院,西安710100 [5]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,西安710119

出　　处：《心理科学》2024年第6期1305-1316,共12页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42201245)、中国博士后科学基金(2022M711998,2023T160403);陕西省科技计划(2023-YBSF-029);陕西教师发展研究院‘教师发展研究计划项目’(SJS2022ZQ010);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(GK202207006)的资助。

摘　　要：使用以工作记忆为基础的认知增强训练方法来探究能否通过改善个体的空间焦虑进而提升其空间导航能力。将被试分为行为训练组、tDCS训练组、联合训练组和控制组,行为训练组接受空间工作记忆刷新训练,tDCS组进行tDCS刺激训练,联合训练组接受tDCS和空间工作记忆刷新训练,每个实验组都训练5次。结果发现,相较于控制组,实验组的被试在后测任务中空间焦虑指标显著降低,空间导航绩效显著提高。中介分析发现实验组能够通过降低被试的空间焦虑水平来提高空间导航的任务绩效。这表明个体可以通过认知增强训练的方式来改善其空间焦虑水平,进而提高其空间导航能力。With the rapid development of science and technology,our country has made extraordinary achievements in a wide range of fields,including but not limited to aerospace,aviation,and maritime industries.The relentless march of technological innovation has led to an expansion of the domains in which humanity operates.In particular,the transformation of the equipment manufacturing industry has resulted in increasingly intricate work environments and task demands,placing a premium on the cognitive efficiency of those in operational roles.Consequently,there has been a surge in scholarly interest in employing psychological techniques to bolster the fundamental cognitive faculties of individuals.In this context,spatial ability emerges as a pivotal element of human intelligence with a profound impact on personal growth and survival.The current study is dedicated to exploring the potential of cognitive enhancement training,with an emphasis on spatial working memory,to elevate spatial ability in individuals.A cohort of 166 participants was recruited,with an equal division between those classified as high performers and low performers based on their proficiency in spatial navigation tasks.For the purpose of training,83 participants from the low-performance group were selected,a decision informed by the desire to avoid the ceiling effect.The participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups:a behavioral training group,a transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)group,a combined behavioral and tDCS training group,and a control group.The experimental protocol followed a structured sequence of pre-test,training,and post-test.During the pre-test phase,all participants performed spatial navigation and spatial working memory updating tasks while wearing physiological monitoring devices to collect heart rate variability(HRV)data.Over the span of seven days,participants in the experimental groups underwent five training sessions,while the control group did not receive any training.Post-training,all participants were subjecte

关 键 词：空间导航能力 认知增强训练 工作记忆 空间焦虑 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]