不出手的道德?公开情境对道德两难决策的影响  

The Morality of Inaction?The Impact of Public Situations on Moral Dilemma Decision Making

作　　者：靖淑针 范宁[1] Jing Shuzhen;Fan Ning(College of Education,Hebei University,Baoding,071002)

机构地区：[1]河北大学教育学院,保定071002

出　　处：《心理科学》2024年第6期1465-1474,共10页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：河北省社会科学基金项目(HB20JY013)的资助。

摘　　要：以往研究多使用经典道德困境对单被试的道德决策进行探讨。当前研究采用能够量化决策者结果敏感性、道德规范敏感性和一般不行动倾向的CNI(consequence,norm,inaction)模型,通过两个实验考察公开情境对道德两难决策的影响。实验1使用社会观察范式,发现他人观察并不影响被试的道德决策。实验2使用双人平行判断范式和共同判断范式。结果显示,这两种情境下被试对道德困境中主体的行为做出了更多的“不接受”反应,被试出现了明显的不行动倾向,同时共同判断组的道德规范敏感性增加。研究表明,公开情境下个体看似道义的决策可能源于营造良好社会形象的需要以及避免承担行动责任的动机。Moral judgment is the process by which an individual makes a moral evaluation of someone's behavior according to the moral code when faced with a situation involving moral issues.Moral judgment itself has a strong social attribute.Most of the previous studies on moral dilemmas are based on the perspective of single individuals,and there is a lack of exploration of the psychological mechanism of moral decision-making in public situations or social situations where multiple people exist.In addition,the traditional moral dilemma paradigm based on the dual processing theory of moral judgment has been questioned by many researchers,who believe that it lacks ecological validity and is too absolute for the division between utilitarianism and deontology.The CNI model provides a comprehensive distinction of the cognitive processing involved in moral judgment and clarifies whether changes in moral decision-making are caused by sensitivity to consequences,sensitivity to norms,or general action/inaction tendencies.This study conducted two experiments to investigate the cognitive mechanisms of moral judgment in different social contexts,and the moral dilemma materials in each experiment were constructed based on the CNI model.Experiment 1 used the social observation paradigm,in which participants were asked to perform a moral judgment task under the supervision of two independent and unfamiliar observers,to investigate whether an individual's moral judgment would be affected by a simple decision exposure.The results showed that participants’moral judgement was not affected by the presence or absence of the observer in the context of other people's observations.In experiment 2,we conducted parallel judgment paradigms and joint judgment paradigm to investigate how the participants'moral decisions changed.To better explain the difference between the different social contexts,perceived stress and social approval were also measured during the moral judgment task.Participants did not know each other in each paradigm.In the parall

关 键 词：公开情境 道德两难 CNI模型 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]