经济不平等削弱社会凝聚力:“人际-群际-规范”三过程模型  

Economic Inequality Weakens Social Cohesion:A Three-Level Model of Interpersonal,Intergroup,and Normative Processes

作　　者：成磊 肖丽娟 朱雪丽 李紫菲 王芳 Cheng Lei;Xiao Lijuan;Zhu Xueli;Li Zifei;Wang Fang(School of Psychology,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou,350117;Institute of Social Psychology,School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an,710049;Department of Psychology,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin,541004;Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education(Beijing Normal University),Faculty of Psychology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,100875)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学心理学院,福州350117 [2]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院社会心理学研究所,西安710049 [3]广西师范大学心理学系,桂林541004 [4]北京师范大学心理学部,应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,心理学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京师范大学),北京100875

出　　处：《心理科学》2024年第6期1486-1495,共10页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：经济不平等不仅损害人们的身心福祉,也与一系列社会问题存在关联,特别是导致社会凝聚力的下降。探究该现象产生的心理机制,可以发现经济不平等通过人际、群际和社会规范这三大过程影响人们在社会互动中的认知、动机和行为模式,从而削弱社会凝聚力。未来研究可综合不同层面的心理过程去理解经济不平等社会中的关系现象,关注不同互动策略使用的边际条件,探索更为复杂的社交模式,充分考察社会凝聚力的各项指标,同时考虑文化的作用。Economic inequality not only adversely affects people’s physical and mental health,but is also linked to various social issues,including reduced civic engagement,increased social conflict,and higher crime rates.The underlying mechanism behind these negative outcomes in societies with high inequality is often attributed to reduced social cohesion.It is plausible that in less cohesive societies,individuals are less likely to participate in communal activities,advocate for policies that benefit the broader community,and provide material and emotional support to others.Therefore,this paper adopts a social psychological perspective to explore how economic inequality weakens social cohesion through a range of cognitive and motivational factors that arise from the interpersonal,intergroup,and normative processes.Regarding the interpersonal level,we argue that high levels of inequality undermine social connections through processes of social comparison and status competition.Economic inequality,characterized by disparities in income or wealth,alters the framework and outcomes of social comparison.Specifically,individuals typically prefer upward comparison rather than downward comparison in terms of socioeconomic status.Consequently,people in more unequal contexts face a higher standard of comparison,and thus experience heightened status anxiety and desire for wealth in societies with high inequality.Given people generally view the gain and loss of wealth as the result of a zero-sum game,individuals in societies with high inequality are more likely to develop a competitive rather than cooperative mindset,thus eroding interpersonal trust and bonds.At the intergroup level,we argue that economic inequality increases the likelihood of social conflict between different socioeconomic groups through processes of group categorization and social identity.Economic inequality accentuates wealth disparities between the rich and the poor,leading to a heightened tendency to perceive and categorize social groups on the basis of wealth

关 键 词：经济不平等 社会凝聚力 人际关系 群际关系 社会规范 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]