山西芝麻地方种质资源的收集与遗传多样性评价  

Collection and diversity evaluation of sesame germplasm resources in Shanxi Province

作　　者：韩俊梅 文飞 刘霞霞 吕伟 王若鹏 刘文萍 HAN Jun-mei;WEN Fei;LIU Xia-xia;LYU Wei;WANG Ruo-peng;LIU Wen-ping(Industrial Crop Research Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学经济作物研究所,山西太原030031

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第6期1276-1284,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家特色油料产业技术体系(CARS-14-2-04);山西省油料产业技术体系(2023CYJSTX05-11);山西农业大学生物育种工程项目(YZGC048);吕梁市重点研发项目(2022NYGG19);山西农业大学科技创新提升工程(CXGC2023067)。

摘　　要：为评价2020年“第三次农作物种质资源普查和收集行动”中,从山西38个县收集到的58份芝麻地方种质资源遗传多样性,本文对其中的57份资源41个表型性状开展了田间调查。利用变异系数、遗传多样性指数、相关系数、聚类分析法进行了研究,并筛选优异种质。结果表明,数量性状遗传变异丰富,27个性状遗传多样性指数平均值为1.826,千粒重最高为2.09,花萼长最低为1.23;变异系数最大的为始分枝高度(72.05%),最小的为生育期(4.01%);花冠长度、始分枝高度、主茎果轴长度、蒴果长、蒴果厚、基部和中部叶长、叶宽与单株产量显著正相关;聚类分析将该资源分为五个类群,第一类群属于分枝多、高产材料;第二类群属于矮秆类型;第三类群生育期长、分枝多、低产类型;第四类群属于高秆、高产、大粒类型;第五类群综合性状中等,经过改良具有增产潜力。综合表型性状筛选出P141028023、P141032019、P140502022、P140830014优异种质资源。本研究为芝麻地方种质的挖掘与利用提供理论参考,为新品种选育提供优良的亲本材料。To evaluate the genetic diversity of 58 sesame local germplasm resources collected from 38 counties in Shanxi Province during the Third Crop Germplasm Resource Census and Collection Action in 2020,field investigations were conducted on 41 phenotypic traits of 57 resources.The study was conducted using coefficient of variation,genetic diversity index,correlation coefficient,and cluster analysis methods,and excellent germplasm was screened.The results revealed abundant genetic variations in quantitative traits,with an average genetic diversity index of 1.826 for 27 traits.1000-grain weight showed the highest genetic diversity index(2.09),and calyx length exhibited the lowest(1.23);The height of the initial branch exhibited the highest coefficient of variation(72.05%),and the growth period showed the lowest(4.01%).The length of the corolla,the height of the initial branch,the length of the main stem fruit axis,the length and thickness of the capsule,the length and width of the basal and middle leaves are significantly positively correlated with the yield per plant.Cluster analysis divided the resource into five groups:materials with multiple branches and high yield;dwarf type;a long growth period with multiple branches but low yield type;high stem,high yield,and large grain;and those has moderate comprehensive traits and has potential for increasing yield after improvement.Excellent germplasm resources were selected based on comprehensive phenotypic traits,including P141028023,P141032019,P140502022,and P140830014.This study provides theoretical reference for the excavation and utilization of sesame local germplasm,and provides excellent parental materials for new variety breeding.

关 键 词：种质资源 芝麻 遗传多样性 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]