哈茨木霉T-102菌剂的制备及其对花生纹枯病和土壤生物多样性的影响  

Preparation of Trichoderma harzianum T-102 bactericide and its effects on peanut sheath blight and soil biodiversity

作　　者：张丽芳[1] 曹阳[1] 张兰[1] ZHANG Li-fang;CAO Yang;ZHANG Lan(Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College,Huai′an 223003,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏食品药品职业技术学院,江苏淮安223003

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第6期1398-1404,共7页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：食品检验检测技术国家级职业教育教师教学创新团队项目(教师函[2021]7号)。

摘　　要：由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)引起的纹枯病是花生生产中一种重要的土传病害,严重威胁花生的产量安全和质量安全,是花生产业可持续健康发展中的主要障碍因子。本研究利用微生物深层发酵的方法,将分离获得的具有较好防效的哈茨木霉菌株T-102进行发酵,在150 r/min、20℃及初始接种浓度为7.5%的最佳条件下,获得活菌数可达105 cfu/mL的水悬浮剂。通过在山东临沂和河北唐山开展的田间防控试验结果表明,哈茨木霉菌株T-102水悬浮剂对花生纹枯病的防效明显,与对照相比,病情指数显著降低,同时具有显著的促生增产作用,增产效果分别达到41.2%和31.7%。另外,研究发现,应用生防菌剂能够显著改善花生根际微生物的种群结构和多样性,降低有害微生物的种群丰度。该菌剂的研发成功,有望进一步的商业化开发与应用。Peanut sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is an significant soil-borne disease in peanut pro⁃duction,which can seriously threaten the safety of peanut production and quality,and is the main obstacle factor in the sustainable and healthy development of peanut industry.In this study,the isolated Trichoderma harzianum strain T-102 with excellent control efficiency was cultured by submerged fermentation technology.Under the opti⁃mal conditions of 150 r/min,20℃ and the initial inoculation concentration of 7.5%,the water suspension of T.har⁃zianum T-102 with 105 cfu/mL was obtained.In Linyi city,Shandong province and Tangshan city,Hebei province,the water suspension of T.harzianum T-102 exhibited the great effect for controlling peanut sheath blight in the field.After spraying the water suspension of T.harzianum T-102,the disease index of peanut sheath blight was sig⁃nificantly reduced.Moreover,the yield of peanut could be increased by 41.2%and 31.7%in Linyi city and Tang⁃shan city,respectively.In addition,the water suspension treatment could change the structure and composition of microbial communities of peanut rhizosphere,and reduce the abundance of harmful microorganisms.Based on the above characteristics,the water suspension of T.harzianum T-102 is expected to carry out further commercial de⁃velopment and application.

关 键 词：花生纹枯病 立枯丝核菌 木霉 水悬浮剂 生物防治 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]