液晶弹性体阻尼材料的研究进展  

Development of liquid crystal elastomer damping materials

作　　者：杨志俊[1] 吉岩[1] YANG Zhijun;JI Yan(Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry&Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education,Department of Chemistry,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学化学系生命有机磷化学及化学生物学教育部重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《液晶与显示》2024年第12期1689-1707,共19页Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.22375114,No.21788102)。

摘　　要：液晶弹性体凭借其特有的动态力学特性——“软弹性”,在阻尼材料领域表现出独特的阻尼机理与优异的能量耗散行为。液晶基元在外力作用下可以发生偏转,吸收输入能量,从而实现有效的阻尼行为。与传统聚合物相比,液晶弹性体具有更高的阻尼因子与更宽的有效阻尼温度范围,更适用于不同环境与应用场景。液晶弹性体的“速率依赖行为”在高应变速率条件下表现出更高的力学性能以及更优越的能量吸收特性,能够用以构建新型高抗冲设备。取向后的液晶弹性体具有均匀取向的液晶基元,相较于未取向的液晶弹性体能够表现出更突出的阻尼特性,通过3D打印技术还能够制备得到具有取向的块状液晶弹性体。在霍普金森杆实验、震动床实验等测试中,液晶弹性体都表现出优于传统聚合物材料的能量吸收特性。利用现代化加工技术手段,液晶弹性体能被制造成为各种复杂结构,满足对阻尼材料轻量化、高性能化的要求。本文对液晶弹性体的阻尼机理、阻尼特性和动态力学特性进行综述,并对该领域的现存挑战与未来发展进行探讨分析。Liquid crystal elastomers(LCEs)exhibit a distinctive damping mechanism and excellent energy dissipation behavior in the field of damping,owning to their unique dynamic mechanical properties—“soft elasticity”.Under external forces,the mesogens can change their directions and absorb external energy,achieving effective damping behavior.Compared with traditional polymers,LCE has higher damping factor and broader effective damping temperature range,enabling them effective application in various environments.The“rate-dependent behavior”of LCEs also endows them with superior mechanical performance and energy absorption abilities under high strain rate conditions,and thus they can be used to construct new types of high-impact resistance equipment.The monodomain liquid crystal elastomer is uniformly orientated,which exhibits superior damping properties compared to polydomain liquid crystal elastomer.With the help of 3D printing technology,bulk monodomain liquid crystal elastomer can also be prepared.In the separated Hopkinson bar experiment and shaking table experiment tests,liquid crystal elastomers have shown superior energy absorption abilities compared to traditional polymer materials.Utilizing advanced processing techniques,LCEs can also be fabricated into various lightweight and high-performance structures.This paper provides an overview of the damping mechanism,damping characteristics,and dynamic mechanical properties of LCEs,and discusses their challenges and opportunities in the field of damping.

关 键 词：液晶弹性体 软弹性 阻尼因子 速率依赖行为 

分 类 号：O753.2[理学—晶体学]