准晶在软物质中的研究进展  

Research progress of quasicrystals in soft matter

作　　者：王福州 郭京京 王金伟 乔世一 张翱[1] 张春秀[1] 于海峰[2] WANG Fuzhou;GUO Jingjing;WANG Jinwei;QIAO Shiyi;ZHANG Ao;ZHANG Chunxiu;YU Haifeng(College of Printing and Packing Engineering,Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication,Beijing 102600,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京印刷学院印刷与包装工程学院,北京102600 [2]北京大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100871

出　　处：《液晶与显示》2024年第12期1744-1760,共17页Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.92156011,No.52173066);北京市自然科学基金(No.2222055);北京交通大学发光与光信息技术教育部重点实验室开放课题(No.KLLI0BJTUKF2204)。

摘　　要：20世纪80年代,Shechtman在铝锰合金中发现具有二十面体对称性的准晶体,引起了整个科学界震动,并因此获得了2011年诺贝尔化学奖。准晶的出现重新定义了观察和物质分类的框架,将人们对晶体结构的理解从原有的230个空间群扩展到无限多的可能性。准晶研究始于金属合金领域,随着研究的深入,科学家们在软物质中也不断发现了准晶体的存在。软物质通过自组装构筑独特的超分子结构,丰富和发展了准晶研究。本文综述了几类能够形成软物质准晶的材料,包括树枝状大分子、嵌段共聚物、表面活性剂、巨型分子和生物分子等。软物质准晶在多个领域展现出广阔的应用前景,如药物递送、传感器开发和能量储能等。软物质准晶研究不仅拓展了材料科学的基本理论,还为材料结构的理解和创新应用提供了新的视角和潜在的突破口。In the 1980s,Shechtman discovered quasicrystals with icosahedral symmetry in an Al-Mn alloy,a groundbreaking finding that shocked the scientific community and later earned him the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.The discovery of quasicrystals has redefined the framework for observing and classifying matter,expanding the understanding of crystal structures from the established 230 space groups to an infinite array of possibilities.Initially,quasicrystal research focused on metallic alloys,but as research progressed,scientists also identified quasicrystals in soft matter.These soft materials,which form unique supramolecular structures through self-assembly,have significantly enriched and advanced quasicrystal research.This paper provides a comprehensive review of various soft materials capable of forming quasicrystals,including dendrimers,block copolymers,surfactants,giant amphiphiles,and biomolecules.Soft matter quasicrystals have demonstrated considerable potential in diverse applications,such as drug delivery,sensor development,and energy storage.The study of quasicrystals in soft matter not only extends the fundamental theories of materials science but also offers new perspectives and potential breakthroughs in understanding material structures and their innovative applications.

关 键 词：准晶 软物质 自组装 超分子 对称性 

分 类 号：O753.2[理学—晶体学]