大数据在危险废物环境违法犯罪线索筛查中的应用研究  

Research on Application of Big Data in the Screening of Environmental Illegal and Criminal Clues of Hazardous Waste

作　　者：张成 黄柳青 涂海峰 王丹 吴鑫玉 朱晓东[2] 赵泽华 张后虎 ZHANG Cheng;HUANG Liu-qing;TU Hai-feng;WANG Dan;WU Xin-yu;ZHU Xiao-dong;ZHAO Ze-hua;ZHANG Hou-Hu(Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210042,China;State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse/School of the Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042 [2]南京大学环境学院/污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2024年第12期1557-1566,共10页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：江苏省生态环境科研项目子课题(2022016);生态环境部事业费项目(ZX2023BSYF112);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(GYZX240201)。

摘　　要：近年来,危险废物环境违法犯罪呈现出作案手段多样化、犯罪地点隐蔽性强、活动分布区域广、污染后果严重等特点,如何及时发现并高效处理危险废物违法犯罪线索成为新形势下环境执法面临的重大挑战。该文针对信息化管理模式下的危险废物环境违法犯罪问题,提出了一种基于多源数据集成的危险废物环境违法犯罪线索智能识别技术框架,通过构建多源数据库指标体系、开发多源异构数据集成和预处理关键技术、建立危险废物环境违法行为特征预警模型、制定预警规则和确认机制等,旨在提升环境违法行为的发现与处理效率。最后,针对跨部门协同执法提出了明确违法线索信息传递规则、统一数据处理与应用标准、建立跨部门数据共享机制的建议,以期精准打击危险废物环境违法犯罪行为,增强危险废物生态环境执法效能。In recent years,hazardous waste environmental crimes have been characterized by varied crime methods,strong concealment of crime sites,wide distribution of activities and serious pollution consequences.Promptly detecting and efficiently handling clues of illegal hazardous waste activities have become major challenges for environmental law enforcement in current situation.This study,in the context of an information-based management model,proposes an intelligent identification technology framework for detecting hazardous waste environmental illegal activities.This framework is based on the integration of multi-source data,and aims to improve the detection and processing efficiency of environmental violations by constructing a multi-source database index system,developing key technologies for multi-source heterogeneous data integration and pre-processing,establishing an early warning model for hazardous waste environmental violations,and formulating early warning rules and confirmation mechanisms.Finally,with regard to cross-departmental collaborative law enforcement,some suggestions are put forward to clarify the rules for the transmission of illegal activity clues,unify the data processing and application standards,and establish a cross-departmental data sharing mechanism.These measures aim to accurately crack down on the illegal and criminal acts involving hazardous waste and improve the efficiency of ecological environment law enforcement of hazardous waste.

关 键 词：危险废物 环境执法 线索识别 多源数据 

分 类 号：X70[环境科学与工程—环境工程]