大企业内部创业单元如何脱颖而出——基于最优区分视角的纵向案例研究  

How Do Large Enterprises Incubate Intrapreneurial Units:A Longitudinal Case Study Based on Optimal Distinctiveness Theory

作　　者：郭长伟 朱亚丽[2,3] 于振洋 孙光凡 Guo Changwei;Zhu Yali;Yu Zhenyang;Sun Guangfan(Business School,Renmin University of China;School of Business Administration,Zhejiang Gongshang University;Zhejiang Merchant Institute,Zhejiang Gongshang University)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学商学院 [2]浙江工商大学工商管理学院(MBA学院) [3]浙江工商大学浙商研究院

出　　处：《南开管理评论》2024年第8期161-171,184,共12页Nankai Business Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(23BGL007)资助。

摘　　要：内部创业是大企业重塑竞争优势的重要举措,但现有研究对内部创业所面临的“求同”与“存异”矛盾缺乏过程研究和理论探讨。本文基于最优区分理论,采用纵向单案例研究解构内部创业过程。研究发现:(1)自上而下的引致型战略过程和自下而上的自主型战略过程分别产生了“规则遵从”和“规则突破”的张力,进而触发内部创业单元求同与存异的需求矛盾;(2)为应对矛盾,内部创业单元在不同阶段采取了不同目的的资源行动和身份行动,两类行动呈现出“补偿—重塑—反哺”的协奏动态;(3)内部创业单元的最优区分定位并非独特性与合法性的简单平衡,而是二者的权变组合,合法性缓冲和身份弹性提升是支撑最优区分定位跨阶段演化的机制。本文结合资源和身份双重视角解构了内部创业单元实现最优区分的过程,贡献于内部创业和最优区分理论的多维性和动态性研究,为大企业实施内部创业实践提供了有益借鉴。In the face of an increasingly turbulent and changing external environment,large enterprises are increasingly adopting intrapreneur-ship to overcome“big company syndrome”and achieve strategic renewal and competitive advantage reshaping.Intrapreneurial units can carve out new paths within the corporate portfolio,rapidly growing into unicorns and becoming strategic pillars of the parent company.However,these units often face a dilemma of balancing“conformity”with the parent company or pursuing“differentiation.”On one hand,intrapreneurial units that deviate too far from the parent company’s core values struggle to succeed.On the other hand,units closely resembling the core business may also fail to stand out.Thus,intrapreneurial units must strike a delicate balance between maintaining alignment with the parent company and distinguishing themselves—a challenge for both managers and academic research.The theory of optimal distinctiveness has been increasingly employed to explain the conflict between conformity and differentiation faced by firms and key stakeholders.This theory suggests that actors face a tension between institutional pressures for conformity and competitive pressures for differentiation.By harmonizing these conflicting demands,companies can achieve a strategically legitimate yet unique position.From this perspective,intrapreneurial units must adhere to the norms of the parent company to gain legitimacy while also creating unique value distinct from the parent company’s dominant strategy,thus encountering the challenge of achieving optimal distinctiveness.

关 键 词：内部创业 最优区分 资源 身份 纵向案例研究 

分 类 号：F272[经济管理—企业管理]