被害人自我答责的理论诠释与本土建构——正当性、构成要件及具体适用规则  

Theory Interpretation and Local Construction of Victim Self Responsibility:Legitimacy,Constituent Elements,and Specific Applicable Rules

作　　者：王晓[1] 李心蕊 WANG Xiao;LI Xin-rui(School of Law,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 311103,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学法政学院,浙江杭州311103

出　　处：《青海师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期72-80,共9页Journal of Qinghai Normal University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划(新苗人才计划)(2023R406078)。

摘　　要：被害人自我答责理论需要刑法教义学的进一步诠释。在正当性层面,自我决定是自我答责的根本依据,以主体为视角,自我答责分为行为人的自我答责与被害人的自我答责,在刑事责任领域表现为行为人刑事责任的归属及程度问题。被害人自我答责的构成要件包括行为人实施了法律不允许的危险行为、被害人具备风险认识能力及自由意志、被害人的危险接受行为四个方面。针对具体的适用规则,基于因果流程考察,以被害人对法益侵害结果自我答责为原则,分为阻却行为人的刑事责任和减轻行为人的刑事责任两种方式;以行为人的自我答责为例外,被害人危险接受行为具有社会相当性,或行为人支配因果流程时,行为人承担全部责任,以保障个人自治与国家干预的平衡。The theory of the victim's self-responsibility needs to be further explored and interpreted in strafrechtsdogmatik.At the level of legitimacy,self-determination is the fundamental basis of self-responsibility.From the perspective of the subject,self-responsibility is divided into the actor's self-responsibility and the victim's selfresponsibility,which is manifested as the attribution and degree of the actor's criminal responsibility in the field of criminal responsibility.The tatbestand of the victim's self-responsibility includes four aspects:the dangerous behavior that the actor has carried out and that is not allowed by law,the victim equipped with the risk perception ability and free will,and the victim's behavior of accepting risk.As for the specific application rules,based on the investigation of the causal flow,taking the victim's self-responsibility for the result of legal interest infringement as the principle,it can be divided into two ways:negating the actor's criminal responsibility and reducing the actor's criminal responsibility.The exception is the actor's self-responsibility,namely,when the victim's behavior of accepting risk accords with social worthiness,or the actor dominates the causal flow,the actor assumes full responsibility to ensure the balance between individual autonomy and state interference.

关 键 词：被害人自我答责 自我决定 危险接受 因果流程支配 社会相当性 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]