混合所有制改革与绿色全要素生产率——基于工业污染源重点调查的经验证据  

Mixed Ownership Reform and Green Total Factor Productivity:Empirical Evidence Based on Key Surveys of Industrial Pollution Sources

作　　者：陈林 蔡锴潮[1,2] 陈臻 CHEN Lin;CAI Kaichao;CHEN Zhen(Institute of Industrial Economics,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China;Institute of Modern Industrial's New System,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China;Institute of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学产业经济研究院,广东广州510632 [2]暨南大学现代产业新体系研究基地,广东广州510632 [3]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190

出　　处：《商业经济与管理》2024年第11期74-90,共17页Journal of Business Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“国有企业的竞争力、创新力、控制力、影响力、抗风险能力研究:基于竞争政策基础性地位”(72473053);国家社会科学基金青年项目“制度型开放驱动全要素生产率提升的机理与路径研究”(23CJL033);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“健全中国特色国有资产治理体系研究”(22JZD007);广东省基础与应用基础研究区域联合基金青年基金项目“‘新基建’新型基础设施:产业组织结构、市场结构与机制设计”(2022A1515110978)。

摘　　要：党的二十大后,新一轮混合所有制改革根据国有企业的不同功能定位推进,因其现实意义而成为当前经济体制改革与高质量发展的重点和热点,而绿色全要素生产率正是高质量发展的重要指标之一。文章对中国工业企业数据库和中国工业污染源重点调查数据库进行合并匹配,运用非期望产出的超效率SBM-DDF模型测算了兼顾效率与公平的企业绿色全要素生产率,将混合所有制改革拓展到经济和环境的双重领域,并基于倾向得分匹配的倍差法研究国有企业混合所有制改革对企业绿色全要素生产率的影响。结果表明,混合所有制改革可以提升国有企业绿色全要素生产率,且在中部地区、技术密集型行业以及产权制度环境较差地区的提升幅度最大;同时,垄断性行业混合所有制改革的效果比竞争性行业好,这在东部地区、劳动密集型行业以及产权制度环境较好的地区尤为明显;此外,外商投资参与混合所有制改革进一步刺激了企业提高绿色全要素生产率的能力。这表明,在未来混合所有制改革中,应考虑资本结构的多样性,将改革的重点放在垄断性行业,因地制宜地加快各个地区的改革进程。After the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,a new round of mixed ownership reform(MOR)started according to the different functional positioning of state-owned enterprises,and has become a hot topic in the current economic system reform and high-quality development because of its practical significance.Green total factor productivity(GTFP)is one of the important indicators of high-quality development.This paper combines and matches the database of China's industrial enterprises and the key survey database of China's industrial pollution sources,and uses the super-efficiency SBM-DDF model of non-expected output to calculate the GTFP of enterprises,which takes into account both efficiency and equity.This paper extends the research of MOR to the dual fields of economy and environment,and studies the impact of MOR of state-owned enterprises on enterprise GTFP based on the propensity score matching difference-in-differences method.The results show that MOR can improve the GTFP of state-owned enterprises,and the improvement is the greatest in the central region,technology-intensive industries,and regions with poor property rights system environments.At the same time,the effect of MOR in monopolistic industries is better than that in competitive industries,which is particularly evident in the eastern region,labor-intensive industries,and regions with better property rights system environments.In addition,foreign investment participation in MOR further stimulates the ability of enterprises to improve GTFP.This indicates that in future MORs,consideration should be given to the diversity of capital structures,focusing on monopolistic industries,and accelerating the reform process in various regions according to local conditions.

关 键 词：国有企业改革 混合所有制 绿色全要素生产率 国有企业环境责任 工业污染源重点调查 

分 类 号：F276.1[经济管理—企业管理]