劳动力老龄化对粮食生产效率的影响及其缓解路径  

Impact of Labor Aging on Grain Production Efficiency and Its Mitigation Path

作　　者：张军[1] ZHANG Jun(Business School,Southwest University,Chongqing 402460,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学商贸学院,重庆402460

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期36-49,共14页Journal of South China Agricultural University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：重庆市社科规划青年基金项目(2022NDQN31)。

摘　　要：基于人力资本理论与农户行为理论建立“人力资本—技术进步—粮食生产效率”的理论分析框架,阐释了劳动力老龄化对粮食生产效率的影响机理以及农业机械化的调节效应机理,并对四川种粮户2022年度的微观调查数据进行实证检验,研究结果显示:劳动力老龄化与粮食生产效率之间并非简单的正向或负向关系,而是随着农户农业劳动力年龄增长,呈倒U型趋势,55~60岁为效率最高的人群,当农户农业劳动力年龄超过60岁时,粮食生产的技术效率、土地生产率与劳动生产率均呈下降趋势;农业机械化在老龄化对粮食生产的技术效率、土地生产率和劳动生产率的影响中均有显著的正向调节作用,农业机械化缓解了老龄化对粮食生产效率的不利影响。政府应着力推动农业机械化全程高质量发展,促进老年农户与现代农业有机衔接,同时可“外引”与“内培”并举,优化农业劳动力人口结构。Based on human capital theory and farmer behavior theory,this paper establishes a theoretical analysis framework of″human capital-technological progress-grain production efficiency″,explains the impact mechanism of labor aging on grain production efficiency and the regulatory effect mechanism of agricultural mechanization,and then collects the micro survey data of Sichuan province grain growers in 2022 for empirical analysis and test.The results show that:the relationship between labor aging and grain production efficiency is not a simple positive or negative relationship,but an inverted U-shaped trend with farmers aging,and the population aged 55-60 is the most efficient.When farmers are over 60,the technical efficiency,land productivity and labor productivity of grain production show a downward trend;Agricultural mechanization not only directly improves farmers'grain production efficiency,but also plays a significant positive regulatory role in the impact of aging on technical efficiency,land productivity and labor productivity,that is,alleviate the adverse impact of aging on grain production efficiency.Therefore,the government should focus on promoting the high-quality development of agricultural mechanization in the whole process,promoting the organic connection between elderly farmers and modern agriculture,and optimizing the population structure of agricultural labor force by″introducing″and″cultivating″at the same time.

关 键 词：劳动力老龄化 农业机械化 粮食生产效率 调节效应 

分 类 号：F304.7[经济管理—产业经济]