江苏省学校饮用水中三氯甲烷健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment of trichlormethane in school drinking water of Jiangsu Province

作　　者：费娟[1] 于洋[1] 郑浩[1] 丁震[1] FEI Juan;YU Yang;ZHENG Hao;DING Zhen(Environment and Health Institute(Endemic Disease Control Department),Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Nanjing 210009,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省疾病预防控制中心环境与健康所(地方病防制所),南京210009

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2024年第11期1653-1656,1662,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家疾病预防控制局综合司2023年度疾病预防控制标准项目计划(JK20230408)。

摘　　要：目的 了解江苏省学校饮用水中三氯甲烷分布特征,评价三氯甲烷健康风险及其影响因素,为学校饮用水消毒安全工作提供科学依据。方法 采用分层抽样方法抽取江苏省315所学校(123所小学、142所初中、20所高中、30所大学),每所学校于2023年丰水期(7-9月),2024年枯水期(1-3月)各采集末梢水1份,共采集末梢水630份。采用《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750-2023)要求检测学校饮用水中三氯甲烷质量浓度,采用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价方法对学生暴露三氯甲烷健康风险进行评估,采用Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验和Mann-Whitney U检验比较不同分组学校饮用水中三氯甲烷水平及健康风险。结果 江苏省学校饮用水中三氯甲烷均达标,质量浓度为8.9(4.6,14.0)μg/L。学校饮用水中三氯甲烷致癌风险为9.8×10^(-6)(5.3×10^(-6),1.7×10^(-5)),为可接受的低风险。不同学段学生单位体重饮水量、学校末梢水中三氯甲烷质量浓度是影响学生饮水暴露三氯甲烷致癌风险的重要因素,学生饮水暴露三氯甲烷致癌风险比较:低学段小学生致癌风险最高,致癌风险为1.2×10^(-5),丰水期(1.3×10^(-5))高于枯水期(7.6×10^(-6))、江河水源水(1.0×10~(-5))高于湖泊水源水(6.8×10^(-6)),液氯消毒(1.1×10^(-5))高于次氯酸钠消毒(9.3×10^(-6)),常规处理工艺(1.4×10^(-5))高于深度处理工艺(9.6×10^(-6)),差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为88.1,3.7,-3.2,-2.7,P值均<0.05)。学校饮用水中三氯甲烷非致癌风险为1.4×10^(-2),小于1,非致癌风险可接受。结论 江苏省学生饮水暴露三氯甲烷致癌风险、非致癌风险均在可接受范围内,低学段小学生饮水暴露三氯甲烷致癌风险最高,应列为重点关注对象。同时应根据水源水特质选择合适的消毒方式和水处理工艺,降低学校饮用水中三氯甲烷含量,控制健康风险。Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of trichlormethane in school drinking water in Jiangsu Province,and to evaluate the health risks and influencing factors of students exposed to trichlormethane,so as to provide a scientific basis for the disinfection and safety of school drinking water.Methods A total of 315 schools(123 primary schools,142 junior high schools,20 high schools,and 30 universities)in Jiangsu Province were selected by a stratified sampling method.Water samples in the wet period(from July to September)of 2023 and in the dry period(from January to March)of 2024 in each school were collected,and 630 drinking water samples were collected.According to the Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water(GB/T 5750-2023),drinking water samples were analyzed for trichlormethane,and the health risks of trichlormethane exposure in drinking water for students were assessed using the health risk assessment method recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency.The Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed to analyze concentrations and health risks of trichlormethane in school drinking water in different groups.Results The concentration of trichlormethane in school drinking water in Jiangsu Province was 8.9(4.6,14.0)μg/L.The carcinogenic risk of trichlormethane in school drinking water was 9.8×10^(-6)(5.3×10^(-6),1.7×10^(-5)),which was an acceptable low risk.The amount of drinking water per unit body weight and the concentration of trichlormethane in tap water samples were important factors affecting the carcinogenic risk in drinking water for students.Comparison of carcinogenic risks exposed to trichlormethane in drinking water were as follows:primary school students in lower grades had the highest risk of carcinogenesis,with a risk of 1.2×10^(-5),the wet period(1.3×10^(-5))>the dry period(7.6×10^(-6)),river source water(1.0×10^(-5))>lake source water(6.8×10-6),liquid chlorine disinfection(1.1×10^(-5))>sodium hypochlorite disinfection(9.3×10^(-6)),c

关 键 词：饮水 三氯甲烷 危险性评估 学生保健服务 

分 类 号：G478[文化科学—教育学] R123[文化科学—教育技术学] TU991.25[医药卫生—环境卫生学]