工具理性下的改革悖论——以中国古代考课制度为中心的考察  

The Paradox of Reform Under Instrumental Rationality:A Research Centred on the Examination System in Ancient China

作　　者：陈若凡 柴宝勇 Chen Ruofan;Chai Baoyong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学政府管理学院,北京102488 [2]中国社会科学院大学党内法规与国家监察研究中心学术委员会,北京102488 [3]中国社会科学院大学党内法规与国家监察研究中心,北京102488 [4]中国社会科学院大学规划与评估处,北京102488

出　　处：《学海》2024年第6期154-163,215,216,共12页Academia Bimestris

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“坚定对中国特色社会主义政治制度的自信研究”(项目号:22ZDA065)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国古代考课制度在发展过程中历经功绩赏罚、品绩结合、行能为先、岁月序迁、由上而定五个阶段,呈现出“改革悖论”的现象。时间维度上,中国古代考课制度在制度建设与制度运行间呈背向逻辑,制度的结构与程序越是完善,其在运行过程中的制度效能越会降低,直至完全趋于僵化。文章立足于中国古代官僚体制下的工具理性视角,分别从考课制度运行过程中君主的行为逻辑、文官的行为逻辑与君臣间关系的逻辑三个角度加以阐释,探索“改革悖论”产生的深层次原因与机制,从而为当代公务员绩效考核制度的理论与实践发展提供宝贵的历史镜鉴。The ancient Chinese examination system went through five stages in its development,namely,the stage in which the effectiveness of an official’s governance was the only criterion,the stage in which an official’s moral character and the effectiveness of his governance were examined as parallel criteria,the stage in which an official’s character,the effectiveness of his governance,and his length of service was examined in combination,the stage in which an official’s length of service were the predominant criterion,and the stage in which the emperor’s opinion was the fundamental criterion,which presented the phenomenon of“reform paradox”.In the dimension of time,the ancient Chinese examination system shows a backward logic between system construction and system operation,the more perfect the structure and procedure of the system is,the more the system effectiveness will be reduced in the process of its operation,until it tends to be completely ossified.The article is based on the perspective of instrumental rationality in the ancient Chinese bureaucracy,respectively from the perspective of the logic of the monarch’s behavior,the logic of the civil officials’behavior and the logic of the relationship between the ruler and the ministers,to explore the deeper level of the“reform paradox”,exploring the deep-rooted reasons and mechanisms of the“reform paradox”,we will provide valuable insights into the theoretical and practical development of the performance appraisal system for contemporary civil servants.This will provide a valuable historical mirror for the theoretical and practical development of the performance appraisal system for contemporary civil servants.

关 键 词：考课制度 改革悖论 工具理性 绩效考核 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K22[政治法律—中外政治制度]