高校毕业生“考公热”选择走向成因分析及引导策略——基于布迪厄场域和文化资本理论  

The Selection of College Graduates'“Public fever”to Cause Analysis and Guiding Strategy——Based on the Bourdieu Field Domain and Cultural Capital Theory

作　　者：葛洋 Ce Yang

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学国际文化与社会发展学院

出　　处：《高校学生工作研究》2024年第1期148-165,共18页Research on College Students' Affairs

摘　　要：近年来,越来越多的高校毕业生将“考公”作为未来就业的首选目标。目前学界对“考公热”的研究主要沿用了传统的“现象-解释”范式,从研究旨趣差异看主要体现为以量化研究为特征的调查研究和实验研究,使得相关研究具有一定的囿限性。本文通过质性研究方法,以网络民族志的观察和对10位高校毕业生的深入访谈,从布迪厄场域和文化资本理论视角探究当前青年“考公”偏好与背后缘由。研究发现,高校毕业生普遍存在“迷失、顺势和取舍”等择业表征,主要受到空间分配的位次差异、文化资本的占有程度不同以及文化资本的产品化等因素的形塑。本文提出引导策略,希冀通过角色引导、场域重构与再造、资本积累与再生产的延续与置换、文化产品再生产的规范化等策略进行纾解。In recent years,more and more college graduates have chosen the civil service exam as their preferred employment target for the future.Currently,academic research on the“civil service exam craze”mainly follows the traditional“phenomenon-explanation”paradigm,and from the perspective of differences in research interests,it mainly reflects quantitative research characterized by investigation and experimental research,which makes relevant research have certain limitations.This paper adopts a qualitative research method,using the observation of network ethnography and in-depth interviews with 10 university graduates,to explore the current preferences and underlying reasons of young people for taking the civil service exam from the theoretical perspective of Bourdieu's field and cultural capital.The study found that university graduates generally have characteristics of“losing direction,following the trend,and making choices”in their career choices,which are mainly influenced by factors such as differences in the spatial allocation of fields,different degrees of possession of cultural capital,and the productization of cultural capital.This paper proposes guiding strategies,hoping to alleviate the situation through strategies such as role guidance,field reconstruction and reinvention,continuation and replacement of capital accumulation and reproduction,and standardization of cultural product reproduction.

关 键 词：高校毕业生 “考公热” 布迪厄场域 文化资本理论 

分 类 号：G647.38[文化科学—高等教育学] D630.3[文化科学—教育学]