超共轭效应对乙烷、肼和过氧化氢的稳定性与稳定构象的影响  

Influence of Hyperconjugation on the Stability and Stable Conformation of Ethane,Hydrazine,and Hydrogen Peroxide

作　　者：许家喜 麻远[2] Jiaxi Xu;Yuan Ma(College of Chemistry,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;Department of Chemistry,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China.)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学化学学院,北京100029 [2]清华大学化学系,北京100084

出　　处：《大学化学》2024年第11期374-377,共4页University Chemistry

基　　金：《有机化学》和《中级有机化学》一流课程建设项目。

摘　　要：乙烷、肼与过氧化氢分别是同周期元素与氢组成的、结构相似的三种物质,但它们的稳定性却依次明显减弱,且稳定构象也不相似,现行教材中没有很好地解释造成它们稳定性和稳定构象不同的原因。本文通过分析n-σ^(*)的超共轭效应为这三种物质稳定性的变化规律提供了一种可能的解释,同时,也解释了肼和过氧化氢不以对位交叉构象存在的原因。将超共轭效应拓展到了解释无机物稳定性和稳定构象上。Ethane,hydrazine,and hydrogen peroxide are three structurally similar substances composed of the elements from the same period with hydrogen,respectively.However,their stability significantly decreases in a sequential manner,and their stable conformations are also dissimilar.These differences have not been explained adequately in the current textbooks.This article provides a possible explanation for the variation in stability among these substances by analyzing their n-σ~* hyperco njugation.Additionally,it elucidates the absence of anti-conformation in hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide.The hyperconjugation theory is extended to illustrate and to discuss stability and stable conformation of inorganic compounds.

关 键 词：乙烷 肼 过氧化氢 稳定性 构象 超共轭效应 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学] O624[文化科学—教育学]