抗酸染色法、PCR-反向点杂交法和PCR-荧光探针法在结核分枝杆菌诊断中的研究  

Study of Acid-fast Staining,PCR-reverse Dot Blot Hybridization,PCRfluorescent Probe Method in the Diagnosis of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

作　　者：李玉玉 陈文 王凤华 代金龙 刘月姣 LI Yu-yu;CHEN Wen;WANG Feng-hua;DAI Jin-long;LIU Yue-jiao(Department of Pathology,The 8th Medical Center,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing,100091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军总医院第八医学中心病理科,北京100091

出　　处：《现代生物医学进展》2024年第23期4439-4443,4544,共6页Progress in Modern Biomedicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32271411)。

摘　　要：目的:比较抗酸染色法、PCR-反向点杂交法和PCR-荧光探针法在诊断结核分枝杆菌感染中的价值。方法:选取解放军总医院第八医学中心2024年1月-2024年4月80例疑似结核的样本,其中包括疑似肺结核及疑似肺外结核。80例样本在制成石蜡样本后同时采用抗酸染色法、PCR-反向点杂交法和PCR-荧光探针法进行结核分枝杆菌的检测。结果:PCR-反向点杂交法检出率63.6%,PCR-荧光探针法检出率59.1%,抗酸染色检出率25.0%,PCR-反向点杂交法和PCR-荧光探针法检出率均高于抗酸染色法,且P<0.05;PCR-反向点杂交法和PCR-荧光探针法的阳性检出率基本一致。抗酸染色法具备检测成本低,实验时间短的特点,但仅仅根据形态学无法明确判断是否为结核分枝杆菌感染;PCR-反向点杂交法检测成本高于抗酸染色法,实验时间长于抗酸染色法和PCR-荧光探针法;PCR-荧光探针法检测成本适中,但相较于PCR-反向点杂交法检测时间更短。结论:PCR-荧光探针法检出率高,操作快速,简单,费用适中,对于样本量较多的医院具有良好的临床应用价值。Objective:To compare the value of acid-fast staining,PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization and PCR-fluorescent probe in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.Methods:Samples from the Eighth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from January 2024 to April 2024 were selected,including suspected pulmonary tuberculosis and suspected extrapulmonary tuberculosis.Eighty samples were prepared into paraffin samples and tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by acid-fast staining,PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization and PCR-fluorescent probe.Results:The detection rates of PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization were 63.6%,PCR-fluorescent probe 59.1%,and acid-fast staining 25.0%.The detection rates of PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization and PCR-fluorescent probe were higher than those of acid-fast staining,and P<0.05.The positive detection rate of PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization method and PCR-fluorescent probe method was basically the same.The acid-fast staining method has the characteristics of low detection cost and short experimental time,but it cannot clearly determine whether it is Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection based on morphology alone.The detection cost of PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization method was higher than that of acid-fast staining method,and the experimental time was longer than that of acid-fast staining method and PCR-fluorescent probe method.The PCR-fluorescent probe method is moderately expensive,but the detection time is shorter than that of PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization.Conclusions:The PCR-fluorescent probe method has a high detection rate,fast and simple operation,and moderate cost,which has good clinical application value for hospitals with a large number of samples.

关 键 词：结核分枝杆菌 抗酸染色 PCR-反向点杂交 PCR-荧光探针 聚合酶链反应 

分 类 号：R365[医药卫生—病理学]