基于静强度和侧翻安全性的客车骨架轻量化  

Lightweight Bus Frame Based on Static Strength and Rollover Safety

作　　者：李晓艳 余海燕[1] 楚遵康 Li Xiaoyan;Yu Haiyan;Chu Zunkang(School of Automotive Studies,Tongji University,Shanghai 201800)

机构地区：[1]同济大学汽车学院,上海201800

出　　处：《汽车工程》2024年第12期2200-2208,共9页Automotive Engineering

摘　　要：为适应城市电动客车的发展以及国家节能环保政策的需要,提出了一种基于电动客车静强度和侧翻安全性能的灵敏度分析的车身结构轻量化方法。首先建立某电动客车的有限元模型,通过有限元方法对车身结构进行静强度和侧翻安全性分析。其次对有限元模型进行弯曲、弯扭工况下的车身静强度和侧翻安全性的灵敏度分析。基于灵敏度分析结果,筛选出有利于轻量化且对车身静强度和侧翻安全性影响不大的部件板厚为设计变量,以车身骨架质量最小为目标,以各材料所在单元的最大vonMises应力不超过其材料屈服强度为约束,进行尺寸优化。优化结果表明,车身结构静强度和侧翻安全性能满足法规要求,且车身骨架质量减轻了3.8%。In order to adapt to the development of urban electric buses and the needs of national energy conservation and environmental protection policies,a lightweight method for vehicle body structure is proposed in this paper based on sensitivity analysis of the static strength and rollover safety performance of electric buses.Firstly,a finite element model of a certain electric bus is established,and the static strength and rollover safety analysis of the body structure is conducted through the finite element method.Secondly,sensitivity analysis of the static strength and rollover safety of the vehicle body under bending and twisting conditions is conducted on the finite element model.Based on the sensitivity analysis results,the component plate thickness that is beneficial for lightweighting and has little impact on the static strength and rollover safety of the vehicle body is selected as the design variable.The size optimization is carried out with the goal of minimizing the mass of the vehicle body skeleton,and the constraint that the maximum von Mises stress of each material unit does not exceed its material yield strength.The optimization results indicate that the static strength and rollover safety performance of the vehicle body structure meet regulatory requirements,and the weight of the vehicle body frame is reduced by 3.8%.

关 键 词：电动客车 灵敏度 贡献度 轻量化 尺寸优化 

分 类 号：U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程]