后倾乘员碰撞损伤与防护研究综述  

A Review of Reclined Occupant Crash Injuries and Impact Protection

作　　者：沈文轩 戴睿 谭普元 周青[1,2] Shen Wenxuan;Dai Rui;Tan Puyuan;Zhou Qing(School of Vehicle and Mobility,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;Tsinghua University,State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学车辆与运载学院,北京100084 [2]清华大学,智能绿色车辆与交通全国重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《汽车工程》2024年第12期2241-2256,共16页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：未来交通环境下的汽车乘员安全保护研究项目(2017YFE0118400)资助。

摘　　要：在智能汽车和自动驾驶技术的发展背景下,以乘员舒适性为核心的零重力座椅开始配置于部分乘用车。与直立坐姿相比,后倾坐姿乘员在碰撞事故中存在较高的损伤风险,使得其碰撞安全解决方案的研发迫在眉睫。本文围绕后倾坐姿乘员碰撞安全问题,从损伤机理、约束系统、研究工具3个方面综述了相关研究现状及发展趋势。梳理总结发现:(1)后倾坐姿乘员碰撞损伤形式有别于直立坐姿乘员,其腰椎、髂骨等特征部位损伤机理尚未完全明确;(2)以三点式安全带为核心的传统乘员约束系统经改进与优化后仍难以对后倾乘员提供有效的整体保护,在主被动安全一体化体系下研发能够合理兼顾下潜损伤与脊柱损伤的新型防护手段是后倾乘员碰撞防护研究的关键问题;(3)作为主要研发和评测工具的碰撞假人和人体模型须针对后倾工况改善其可用性和生物逼真度。With the development of intelligent vehicles and autonomous driving technologies,zero-gravity seat,with occupant comfort as core function,has been equipped in some vehicles.Compared to upright seating,reclined occupants face a higher risk of injury in collision,making the development of crash safety solutions imminent.In this paper,a review of the current research status and development trends regarding the crash safety of reclined occupants is conducted,focusing on injury mechanism,restraint systems,and research tools.The findings are summarized as follows:(1)Injury patterns for reclined occupants differ from those for upright occupants,and the injury mechanism at typical sites such as the lumbar spine and the iliac crest have not been fully clarified.(2)Traditional restraint systems with three-point seat belts as the core,even after improvement and optimization,is still difficult to provide effective overall protection for reclined occupants.Development of new protective means that can reasonably balance submarine and spinal injuries under the integrated active-passive safety system is a key issue in crash protection research for reclined occupants.(3)Crash dummies and human body models(HBMs),as the primary research and evaluation tools,need to improve their usability and bio-fidelity for reclined conditions.

关 键 词：智能汽车 零重力座椅 后倾坐姿乘员 人体碰撞损伤 乘员碰撞防护手段 

分 类 号：U467.14[机械工程—车辆工程]