车用燃料电池堆变负载电流下的出入口温度控制研究  

Research on the Inlet and Outlet Temperature Control of Vehicle Fuel Cell Stacks Under Variable Loading Currents

作　　者：陈轶嵩 兰子剑 蔡旭 曹自强 刘青山 付佩 Chen Yisong;Lan Zijian;Cai Xu;Cao Ziqiang;Liu Qingshan;Fu Pei(School of Automobile,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064)

机构地区：[1]长安大学汽车学院,西安710064

出　　处：《汽车工程》2024年第12期2303-2313,共11页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项(2021YFE0192900);国家自然科学基金青年项目(52302427);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021LLRH-04-04-02)资助。

摘　　要：为解决车用质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)堆出入口温度在变负载电流下波动大的问题,提出了一种动态变化粒子群优化(PSO)—比例积分微分(PID)算法。首先搭建了额定功率150 kW的PEMFC发动机系统整体仿真模型,基于已有文献,进行了模型中输出功率和电压的准确性验证;随后基于验证结果,使得反应气体供给跟随负载电流需求变化,反映PEMFC发动机系统实际工作情况。根据搭建的模型,基于冷却水泵冷却水质量流量跟随输出功率控制策略,对散热风扇冷却空气质量流量使用PID、PSO-PID和本文提出的动态变化PSO-PID算法,研究三者在变负载电流下对电池堆出入口温度和输出功率的控制效果。结果表明:与PID相比,在PSO-PID和动态变化PSO-PID下,电池堆入口温度瞬态超调量下降幅度均为13.7%,出口温度瞬态超调量下降幅度均为36.0%,输出功率均更快达到稳定状态;动态变化PSO-PID达到最优值的时间仅为PSO-PID的57.1%,可以减小更多的非必要计算量,提前于PSO-PID将得到的PID参数输入到电池堆温度控制器中。此动态变化粒子群优化算法能更有效、更快地用于电池堆出入口温度控制,有助于提升车用PEMFC的温度和输出功率的稳定性。To solve the problem of large fluctuation of inlet and outlet temperature on vehicle proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)under variable loading currents,a dynamic change particle swarm optimization(PSO)—proportional integral derivative(PID)algorithm is proposed.Firstly,the overall simulation model of the PEMFC engine system with rated power of 150 kW is built.Based on existing references,the accuracy of the output power and voltage of the model is validated;and according to the validated results,the supply of reactant gas is set following demand on currents,which reflects real working conditions of the PEMFC engine system.Based on the model built and the control strategy that the mass flow rate of cooling water following output power,PID,PSO-PID and dynamic change PSO-PID are used on the mass flow rate of cooling air from radiating fans to conduct research on the control effect of them on the inlet and outlet temperature and output power of FCs under variable loading currents.The results show that compared with PID,under PSO-PID and dynamic change PSO-PID,the transient overshoots decreasing amplitudes of inlet temperature of FCs are both 13.7%,those of outlet temperature both 36.0%and the output power reaching the stable condition faster.The time when dynamic change PSO-PID reaching the optimum values only accounts for 57.1%of that under PSO-PID,which can reduce more unnecessary computation and input the PID parameters into the stack temperature controller ahead of PSO-PID.The dynamic PSO-PID algorithm can be used on actual inlet and outlet temperature control of FCs more efficiently and faster,contributing to improving the stability of the temperature and the output power of vehicle PEMFC.

关 键 词：PEMFC整体模型 温度控制 PID PSO-PID 动态变化PSO-PID 输出功率 

分 类 号：TM911.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动] TP273[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] U469.7[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]