变截面空心矩形前轴的设计及垂向、纵向工况性能的研究  

Research on Design of Hollow Rectangular Front Axle with Variable Crosssection and Vertical and Longitudinal Performance Under Working Conditions

作　　者：王连东[1,2] 李金蔚 冯凯[1,2] 张宇 田野[1,2] Wang Liandong;Li Jinyu;Feng Kai;Zhang Yu;Tian Ye(Yanshan University,Hebei Key Laboratory of Special Delivery Equipment,Qinhuangdao 066004;School of Vehicle and Energy,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004)

机构地区：[1]燕山大学,河北省特种运载装备重点实验室,秦皇岛066004 [2]燕山大学车辆与能源学院,秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《汽车工程》2024年第12期2339-2347,2338,共10页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：湖北和德工业科技有限公司合作项目(钢管压制成形汽车前轴技术开发)(X2021233)资助。

摘　　要：汽车前轴的尺寸大、受力复杂,主要用锻造方法制造,受到工字形结构的限制难以轻量化。本文给出了空心汽车前轴的设计方法,采用变截面变壁厚的空心矩形结构和组合的钢板弹簧座,实现轻量化、改善抗弯扭性能。通过垂向及纵向工况有限元模拟揭示主销孔处壁厚对拳部强度的影响规律,给出拳部壁厚系数、封堵孔高度系数、封堵孔宽度系数的合适范围。选用无缝钢管试制出某轴荷5 t的空心前轴1∶1样件,较锻造前轴轻量10.75%。针对试制的空心前轴样件,进行了垂向、纵向的刚度试验以及垂向工况的静强度试验、疲劳试验,揭示了轴体下表面的垂向位移、轴向应力的变化,揭示了拳部外端面封堵孔边缘的应力分布。试验结果表明:变截面空心矩形前轴的刚度、静强度均符合行业标准,垂向工况的疲劳寿命远高于行业标准,在轻量化的同时改善了性能。The front axle manufactured through forging has large dimension,and the stress on it is complex.It is difficult to lightweight due to the limitation of the I-beam structure.In this paper,the design method of hollow front axle is given,and the hollow rectangular structure with variable cross-section and wall thickness and a combination of leaf spring seats are used to achieve lightweight and improve bending and torsion resistance.The influence of wall thickness at the kingpin hole on the strength of the fist is revealed,and the appropriate wall thickness range of the fist and the height and width coefficient of the plugging hole is given,by the vertical and longitudinal working conditions of the finite element mode.The 1:1 hollow front axle sample with an axle load of 5 t is produced by using seamless steel pipes,which is 10.75%lighter than the forged front axle.The variation law of vertical displacement and axial stress changes on the lower surface of the shaft and the stress distribution at the edge of the sealing hole on the outer end face of the fist are revealed through stiffness tests under vertical and longitudinal working conditions,as well as static strength and fatigue life tests under vertical working condition.The results show that the stiffness and static strength of the variable cross-section hollow rectangular front shaft meet industry standards,and the fatigue life under vertical working condition is much higher than industry standards.It is indicated that the variable cross-section hollow front axle can improve performance and achieve lightweight.

关 键 词：空心矩形前轴 设计方法 强度刚度 疲劳寿命 台架试验 

分 类 号：U462[机械工程—车辆工程]