安太堡露天矿区不同复垦地土壤肥力特征及其影响因子  

Soil Fertility Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Different Open-pit Mine Reclaimed Lands in Antaibao

作　　者：宋崴 闫舟 王芳 李婷 刘福 王翔 SONG Wei;YAN Zhou;WANG Fang;LI Ting;LIU Fu;WANG Xiang(Shanxi Institute of Biological Research Co.,Ltd.,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省生物研究院有限公司,山西太原030006

出　　处：《山西大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第6期1307-1317,共11页Journal of Shanxi University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDF121)。

摘　　要：安太堡露天煤矿作为中国最大的露天煤矿,在开采过程中生态环境遭到了严重破坏。本文在安太堡露天矿区分别选择复垦三年的油松地、苜蓿地、土豆地和退化苜蓿地四种不同复垦模式对土地展开不同模式的复垦,对不同复垦模式的土壤理化性质、酶活性以及微生物数量等19项土壤质量评价指标进行测量,以期为安太堡露天矿区与其他露天煤矿的生态修复提供科学理论帮助。结果发现在经过复垦后,四种复垦地的土壤的pH值均没有出现显著变化,复垦油松地的土壤含水量显著下降至(9.27±0.461)%、土壤容重显著增加至(1.33±0.076)g/cm^(3);复垦土豆地的田间持水量显著提高至(17.63±0.992)%;复垦土豆地的土壤有机碳含量高达(9.25±0.816)g/kg,显著高于其他复垦模式土地;复垦油松地、复垦苜蓿地的全氮含量分别高达(0.52±0.204)g/kg、(0.52±0.025)g/kg;复垦苜蓿地的碱解氮含量高达到(14.93±0.038)mg/kg;复垦土豆地的全磷含量显著增加至(0.51±0.035)g/kg、速效磷含量显著增加至(16.11±0.827)mg/kg。复垦苜蓿地、复垦土豆地的蔗糖酶活性显著升高分别达到(0.138±0.0032)mg/(100 g·h)、(0.135±0.0016)mg/(100 g·h);复垦土豆地的脲酶活性最高达到(1.323±0.0625)mg/(100 g·h);退化苜蓿地、复垦苜蓿地、复垦土豆地的土壤过氧化氢酶含量均显著高于未复垦地;未复垦地的多酚氧化酶与碱性磷酸酶活性均为最低,分别为(0.001±0.0001)mg/(100 g·h)、(0.013±0.0010)mg/(100 g·h),复垦油松地多酚氧化酶与碱性磷酸酶活性达到最高,分别达到(0.003±0.0001)mg/(100 g·h)、(0.040±0.0055)mg/(100 g·h)。复垦油松地、退化苜蓿地、复垦土豆地中的细菌数量显著增加,分别达到(8.12±0.489)×10^(6)cfu/g、(7.64±0.623)×10^(6)cfu/g、(8.93±0.197)×10^(6)cfu/g;退化苜蓿地的自生固氮菌数量显著升高至(2.01±0.254)×10^(3)cfu/g;退化苜蓿地、复垦油松地的反硝化细菌数量�This study investigated the effectiveness of four reclamation modes on three-year reclamation of Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis),alfalfa(Medicago sativa),potato(Solanum tuberosum),and degraded alfalfa field at the Antaibao coal mine,the largest open-pit coal mine in China that has suffered severe ecological degradation due to the mining activities.Nineteen soil quality indicators,including physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and microbial populations,were measured across these reclamation modes,in order to provide theoretical help for the ecological restoration of Antaibao mine and other coal mines.The results show that soil pH remained relatively stable across the four reclamation modes after reclamation.Soil moisture content of reclaimed Chinese pine field decreased significantly to(9.27±0.461)%,and the soil bulk density increased significantly to(1.33±0.076)g/cm^(3).Conversely,the field water-holding capacity of reclaimed potato field increased significantly to(17.63±0.992)%,while soil organic carbon content was highest in the potato field,reaching(9.25±0.816)g/kg,significantly exceeding other reclamation modes.Total nitrogen content of reclaimed Chinese pine and alfalfa fields was highest,reaching(0.52±0.204)g/kg and(0.52±0.025)g/kg,respectively.The available nitrogen content of reclaimed alfalfa field exhibited the highest at(14.93±0.038)mg/kg.Total phosphorus content of reclaimed potato field increased significantly to(0.51±0.035)g/kg,while the available phosphorus content increased significantly to(16.11±0.827)mg/kg.Sucrase activity increased significantly in reclaimed alfalfa and potato fields,reaching(0.138±0.0032)mg/100 g·h and(0.135±0.0016)mg/(100 g·h),respectively.Urease activity was highest in reclaimed potato field,reaching(1.323±0.0625)mg/(100 g·h).The catalase content was significantly higher in degraded alfalfa,reclaimed alfalfa and potato fields,compared to the unreclaimed control.Polyphenol oxidase and alkaline phosphatase activities were the lowest in the unreclaimed c

关 键 词：露天矿区 复垦模式 理化性质 酶活性 多样性 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]