蓝藻好氧堆肥负载阿维菌素对草莓红蜘蛛的防治效果  

Control effect of aerobic composting with avermectin loaded by cyanobacteria on strawberry red spiders

作　　者：燕中立 李永慧 李玉成[1] 李伟 张学胜[1] 洪勇 葛立傲 YAN Zhongli;LI Yonghui;LI Yucheng;LI Wei;ZHANG Xuesheng;HONG Yong;GE Li’ao(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China;Hefei Collaborative Innovation Institute of Smart Agriculture,Hefei 231131,China;Shanghai Jinshan District Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Shanghai 201599,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,安徽合肥230601 [2]中科合肥智慧农业协同创新研究院,安徽合肥231131 [3]上海市金山区农业技术推广中心,上海201599

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2024年第10期2264-2272,共9页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：2023肥东县农业面源污染治理试点工作第三方服务项目(一)(K160139421);长丰县2021年数字草莓建设项目(AHSZNY-2021-06);上海市“科技创新行动计划”农业科技项目(21N51900300)。

摘　　要：为克服阿维菌素药效时间短等缺点,选用蓝藻、酒糟分别作为阿维菌素的缓释载体和助溶剂,联合农业废弃物——羊粪、稻壳(6∶1)进行混合好氧堆肥,探究其对草莓红蜘蛛的防治效果。试验共设置4个处理配方:阿维菌素水溶液(A)、蓝藻-阿维菌素复合物(B)、酒糟-阿维菌素复合物(C)、蓝藻-酒糟-阿维菌素复合物(D),分别在堆肥的第10、30、50天将其添加到堆肥中(相应编号为1、2、3),继续堆制至有机肥腐熟。腐熟后,将这12组有机肥用于草莓种植,评估各组对红蜘蛛的防治效果,并对基质和草莓中残留的阿维菌素、微囊藻毒素进行安全性评价。结果表明:B、D两组处理对草莓红蜘蛛的防治效果显著(P<0.05)高于未添加蓝藻的A、C两组,各处理相比,D3的防效最佳,在2023年4月7日和14日分别达到79.09%和71.07%。试验条件下,基质和草莓中残留的阿维菌素、微囊藻毒素安全风险较低。综上,利用蓝藻负载阿维菌素提高阿维菌素对草莓红蜘蛛的防治效果安全可行。In order to solve the shortcomings of avermectin,such as short efficacy time,cyanobacteria and vinasse were selected as the slow-release carrier and co-solvent of avermectin for composting with the agricultural waste sheep manure and rice husk(6∶1)to explore its control effect on strawberry red spiders.Four organic fertilizer formulas were set up:avermectin aqueous solution(A),cyanobacteria-avermectin complex(B),vinasse-avermectin complex(C),and cyanobacteria-vinasse-avermectin complex(D),which were added to the composting of sheep manure and rice husk on the 10th,30th and 50th days(denoted as 1,2,3,respectively),respectively.After maturity,the 12 groups of composting products were used for strawberry planting,and the actual control effect of each group against red spiders was evaluated,as well as the safety of avermectin and microcystin residues in the substrate and strawberry.The results showed that the control effect of formulas B and D was significantly(P<0.05)superior to that of formulas A and C without addition of cyanobacteria.Compared with the other treatments,treatment D3 exhibited the highest control effect of 79.09%and 71.07%on April 7th and 14th,2023,respectively.Under the experiment conditions,the risk of avermectin and microcystin residues in the substrate and strawberry was low.In conclusion,it was feasible and safe to improve the control effect of avermectin against strawberry red spiders by aerobic composting with cyanobacteria.

关 键 词：蓝藻 阿维菌素 好氧堆肥 红蜘蛛 防治效果 安全性评价 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] S436.639[农业科学—农业基础科学] X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]