基因异常甲基化与头颈部鳞状细胞癌诊断及预后的相关性  

Correlation between abnormal gene methylation and diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

作　　者：赵璞 韩莹[1] Zhao Pu;Han Ying(Department of Oral Medicine,Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology&National Center for Stomatology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices,Beijing100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学口腔医学院,口腔医院,口腔黏膜科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国医学前沿杂志（电子版）》2024年第11期48-56,共9页Chinese Journal of the Frontiers of Medical Science(Electronic Version)

基　　金：北京大学口腔医(学)院临床研究基金资助(Pk USS-2023CRF304)。

摘　　要：头颈部鳞状细胞癌(head and neck squamous carcinoma,HNSCC)是全球第六大癌症,对患者的颌面部美观、功能造成极大影响。随着诊断和治疗方法的进步,HNSCC患者生存率有所提高,但大多数患者仍面临晚期生活质量降低的问题,因此HNSCC的早期筛查诊断与更精准的预后判断,对于制定更个性化的治疗方案、提高临床治疗效率十分关键。近年来,癌症相关的表观遗传学得到越来越多研究关注。表观遗传学改变可在不改变DNA序列的同时导致基因表达的改变,参与癌症的发生发展,其中DNA甲基化是目前研究最广的话题之一。DNA甲基化通过影响启动子区域或基因的全区域,引发癌症相关基因的沉默或过表达,是目前最具潜力的癌症诊断与预后生物标志物之一。本综述回顾了相关研究中基因异常甲基化与HNSCC诊断、预后的关联,有助于进一步探索基因异常甲基化在HNSCC诊断与预后判断中的实际应用可能,为HNSCC患者的临床诊断与制定治疗方案提供更精确与个体化的思路。Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide,significantly impacting the aesthetics and functionality of the patient's jaw and face.With advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods,the survival rate of HNSCC patients has been improved,but the majority of patients in advanced stages continue to face a reduced quality of life.Therefore,early screening and diagnosis of HNSCC and more accurate prognostic evaluations are crucial for the development of more personalised treatment plans and improving the efficiency of clinical treatment.Cancer-associated epigenetics has received increasing research attention in recent years.Epigenetic alterations affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence and are involved in cancer development,with DNA methylation being one of the most widely studied topics.DNA methylation can silence or overexpress cancer-associated genes by influncing promoter regions or entire gene regions,and is one of the most promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.This article reviews the associations between aberrant methylation and HNSCC diagnosis and prognosis in related studies,which can help to further explore the practical application of aberrant methylation in the diagnosis and prognosis of HNSCC,providing more precise and individualized ideas for the clinical diagnosis and development of therapeutic plans for HNSCC patients.

关 键 词：头颈部鳞状细胞癌 甲基化 诊断与预后 

分 类 号：R739.91[医药卫生—肿瘤]