干燥方式对烤烟下部不适用烟叶主要化学成分的影响  

Effects of drying methods on major chemical components in unsuitable lower leaves of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：孙振春 蒋石香 李建伟 瞿方 韩晓 孙菲菲[4] 杜咏梅[4] SUN Zhenchun;JIANG Shixiang;LI Jianwei;QU Fang;HAN Xiao;SUN Feifei;DU Yongmei(Tobacco Science Institute of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550081,China;Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company,Zunyi 563000,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Huangguoshu Jinye Technology Co.,Ltd.,Anshun 561000,Guizhou,China;Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS,Qingdao 266101,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草科学研究院,贵阳市550081 [2]贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司,贵州省遵义市563000 [3]贵州黄果树金叶科技有限公司,贵州省112号561000 [4]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,山东省青岛市266101

出　　处：《烟草科技》2024年第11期11-17,25,共8页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目“本源香基美拉德反应中间体水相联合受控形成机制及制备研究”(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般175);中国烟草总公司贵州省公司重点研发项目“废弃烟草制备加热不燃烧卷烟专用薄片关键技术研究”(2022XM14);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目“烟草功能成分与生物合成”(APTIP-TRIC05)。

摘　　要：为促进烟草种植过程田间废弃下部不适用烟叶的资源化利用,综合应用方差分析、主成分和聚类分析,研究了程序升温干燥、低温(40℃)干燥、通风晾干对烤烟下部不适用烟叶主要致香和活性成分含量(质量分数)的影响。结果表明:①干燥方式对烟叶主要挥发性致香成分及苹果酸、高级脂肪酸、绿原酸和芸香苷的含量影响显著(P<0.05),对草酸、柠檬酸、烟碱、茄尼醇和粗蛋白的含量影响不显著。②程序升温干燥与低温干燥的不适用烟叶主要化学成分含量及其第1主成分综合评价得分差异未达显著水平,以上两种干燥方式烟叶挥发性致香成分、非挥发性有机酸、粗蛋白、烟碱、茄尼醇和多酚类化学成分的含量分别为2208~2401μg/g、16.22%~17.87%、12.22%~12.87%、1.02%~1.08%、0.52%和1.66%~1.74%;通风晾干烟叶主要挥发性致香成分、苹果酸、高级脂肪酸、绿原酸和芸香苷的含量及第1主成分综合评价得分显著低于以上两种干燥方式。③不同干燥方式烟叶前3个主成分得分图与系统聚类结果基本一致:程序升温干燥与低温干燥距离较近,聚为一类,通风晾干烟叶聚为一类。④不适用烟叶用于提取烟碱、茄尼醇和粗蛋白,可选择通风晾干方式;用于提取多酚类或致香成分,可选择程序升温或低温干燥方式。To make full use of discarded lower leaves of flue-cured tobacco,the effects of temperature-programmed drying,low-temperature(40℃)drying,and air drying on the contents(mass fractions)of major aroma and active components were investigated by analysis of variance,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that:1)Drying methods significantly(P<0.05)influenced the contents of major volatile aroma components and other substances such as malic acid,higher fatty acids,chlorogenic acid and rutin in tobacco leaves,while their effects on the contents of oxalic acid,citric acid,nicotine,solanesol and crude protein were not significant.2)The contents of major chemical components and the comprehensive evaluation scores of the first principal component between the unsuitable tobacco leaves dried by the temperature-programmed drying and low-temperature drying did not reach a significant level.The contents of volatile aroma components,non-volatile organic acids,crude protein,nicotine,solanesol,and polyphenols in tobacco leaves dried by the two methods were 2208-2401μg/g,16.22%-17.87%,12.22%-12.87%,1.02%-1.08%,0.52%,and 1.66%-1.74%,respectively.The contents of major volatile aroma components,malic acid,higher fatty acids,chlorogenic acid and rutin,and the comprehensive evaluation scores of the first principal component of air-dried tobacco leaves were significantly lower than those dried by the above two drying methods.3)The scores of the first three principal components of tobacco leaves dried by the different drying methods were basically consistent with the results of systematic clustering:the distance between temperature-programmed drying and low-temperature drying was close,and air-dried tobacco leaves were clustered in its own category.4)When unsuitable tobacco leaves were used for the extraction of nicotine,solanesol and crude protein,the air drying method was more suitable,while the temperature-programmed and low-temperature drying methods should be used for the extraction of polyphenols or ar

关 键 词：烤烟 下部叶 不适用烟叶 干燥方式 致香成分 活性成分 

分 类 号：TS411.1[农业科学—烟草工业]