有机质施用量对马铃薯产量及氮、磷、钾养分吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Organic Matter Application Rate on Yield and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Nutrient Absorption and Utilization in Potato

作　　者：阳新月 向颖 陈子恒 林茜 邓振鹏 周克友 李明聪 王季春[1,2] Yang Xinyue;Xiang Ying;Chen Ziheng;Lin Qian;Deng Zhenpeng;Zhou Keyou;Li Mingcong;Wang Jichun(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops,Chongqing 400715,China;Wuxi Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Chongqing 405800,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学农学与生物科技学院,重庆400715 [2]薯类生物学与遗传育种重庆市重点实验室,重庆400715 [3]重庆市巫溪县农业技术推广中心,重庆405800

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第6期153-161,共9页Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD020080802)。

摘　　要：为探究有机质提升下马铃薯对土壤氮、磷、钾养分的吸收利用特点,采用中晚熟品种青薯9号,在2个基础肥力差异较大的试验点,设置有机质0(T1)、975(T2)、1950(T3)、2925(T4)和3900 kg/hm^(2)(T5)5个有机质用量处理,并设不施肥处理(T0),研究有机质施用总量增加对土壤养分含量与微生物数量,及对中晚熟品种青薯9号产量、干物质积累量和养分吸收利用情况的影响。结果表明,有机质施入总量增加能有效提高土壤养分含量和土壤微生物数量;随着有机质施入量的增加,马铃薯产量、养分积累量以及养分利用率、肥料贡献率、肥料偏生产力与土壤细菌/真菌比率均呈现先增后减的趋势,且基础肥力较高试验点高于基础肥力较低试验点。在基础肥力较高的歇马试验点和基础肥力较低的尖山试验点分别施入有机质975和1950 kg/hm^(2)时其产量最佳,较T1处理分别增产11.84%和8.22%。综上,施入有机质对肥料利用率、偏生产力与肥料贡献率的作用更突出;土壤肥力较高时,马铃薯更易于达到高产目标;施入过多或过少有机质均不利于马铃薯的营养吸收与产量形成。To investigate the features of potato nutrient absorption and utilization(nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium)after adding organic matter,two experimental sites with significant variations in basal fertility were selected.Five organic matter dosage levels were established:0(T1),975(T2),1950(T3),2925(T4)and 3900 kg/ha(T5),with no fertilizer application(T0)serving as the control.The medium-late ripening variety Qingshu 9 was used to examine soil nutrient content,microbial population,potato yield,dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption and utilization.The results showed that the increase of organic matter could effectively improve the soil nutrient content and soil microbial population.With the increase of organic matter,potato yield,nutrient accumulation,nutrient utilization rate,fertilizer contribution rate,partial factor productivity and soil bacteria to fungi ratio showed increase first and then decrease,and all of them were higher in the high base fertility experimental site than those in the low base fertility.The highest potato yields were obtained when 975 and 1950 kg/ha of organic matter were applied in the experimental site of Xiema(with high base fertility)and Jianshan(with low base fertility),which increased yield by 11.84%and 8.22%compared with T1 treatment,respectively.Overall,there was a greater noticeable impact of organic matter on fertilizer utilization rate,partial factor productivity and fertilizer contribution rate.A higher yield of potato is more likely to obtain in relatively high soil fertility.Adding too much or too little organic matter is not conductive to the nutrient absorption and yield formation of potatoes.

关 键 词：马铃薯 有机质 氮、磷、钾养分 养分吸收利用 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]