叶锈病不同危害等级下咖啡叶片的光合特征和抗逆性酶比较  

Comparison of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Resistant Enzymes in Coffee Leaves under Different Levels of Leaf Rust Damage

作　　者：付兴飞 李亚麒 喻好好 李贵平[1] 毕晓菲[1] 李亚男[1] 胡发广[1] 邰杰 Fu Xingfei;Li Yaqi;Yu Haohao;Li Guiping;Bi Xiaofei;Li Yanan;Hu Faguang;Tai Jie(Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baoshan 678000,Yunnan,China;Baoshan Longyang District Zuoyuan Coffee Co.,Ltd.,Baoshan 678000,Yunnan,China;Baoshan Longyang Economic Crop Technology Promotion Station,Baoshan 678000,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南保山678000 [2]保山市隆阳区佐园咖啡有限公司,云南保山678000 [3]保山市隆阳区经济作物技术推广站,云南保山678000

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第6期186-193,共8页Crops

基　　金：云南省科技厅科技计划项目农业联合专项(202301BD070001-076);保山市科技计划项目(2022zc01)。

摘　　要：为探讨小粒咖啡侵染叶锈病后的生理生化变化,对8个叶锈病危害等级下叶片的落叶率(LF)、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、光合参数及4种抗逆性酶活性进行测定,分析叶锈病不同危害等级对咖啡叶片生理落叶、光合作用及抗逆性的影响。结果表明,LF随着叶锈病感染面积的增加而增加,SPAD随着叶铸病感染面积的增加先升高后降低。危害等级Ⅲ的净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))最大,危害等级Ⅶ的胞间CO_(2)摩尔分数(C_(i))最大。危害等级0的水分利用率(E_(WU))最高,与危害等级Ⅰ间差异不显著,但显著高于危害等级Ⅱ~Ⅶ。危害等级Ⅳ的光能利用率(L_(UE))最高,与危害等级Ⅱ和Ⅲ间差异不显著,但显著高于其余5个危害等级的。危害等级0~Ⅵ下超氧化物歧化酶活性变化不明显;受咖啡叶铸病感染后,均能一定程度提高过氧化物酶活性;几丁质酶(CHT)和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(β-1,3-GA)的活性均随危害等级的增加先升高后降低,在危害等级Ⅲ下CHT和β-1,3-GA的活性最大。综合分析表明,危害等级Ⅲ下咖啡叶片具有更高的光合作用和抗逆性,落叶相对较少。In order to investigate the physiological and biochemical changes of Coffea arabica after infected by leaf rust,the leaf defoliation rate(LF),relative chlorophyll content(SPAD),photosynthetic parameters,and four stress resistant enzyme activities were measured to analyze the effects of different levels of coffee leaf rust on physiological defoliation,photosynthesis,and stress resistance of coffee leaves under eight levels of leaf rust.The results showed that the LF increased with the increase of coffee leaf rust infection area,and SPAD first increased and then decreased with the increase of leaf rust infection area.The net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),and transpiration rate of coffee leaves(T_(r))were the highest at damage level III.The intercellular CO_(2) molar fraction of coffee leaves was highest at damage level VII.The water use efficiency(E_(WU))was highest at hazard level 0,and there was no significant difference between it and hazard level I,but it was significantly higher than levels II-VII.The light energy utilization efficiency(L_(UE))of hazard level IV was the highest,which was not significantly different from hazard levels II and III,but significantly higher than the other five hazard levels.The change in superoxide dismutase activity was not significant in hazard levels 0-VI.After being infected with coffee leaf rust,the activity of peroxidase could be increased to a certain extent;chitinase(CHT)andβ-1,3-glucanase(β-1,3-GA)activities of all increased first and then decreased with the increase of hazard level.The activities of CHT,β-1,3-GA were highest at hazard level III.Comprehensive analysis showed that under hazard level III,coffee leaves had higher photosynthesis and stress resistance,with relatively fewer fallen leaves.

关 键 词：叶锈病 落叶率 光合特征 抗逆性酶 小粒咖啡 

分 类 号：S435.712[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]