语言开启思维:语言奇点与思维初始基因  

Language Initiates Thinking:Language Singularity and Thinking's Initial Gene

作　　者：赵汀阳[1,2] ZHAO Tingyang(the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(CASS);the Institute of Philosophy,CASS.)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院学部 [2]中国社会科学院哲学研究所

出　　处：《当代语言学》2024年第6期825-841,共17页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划(DF2023YS11)资助。

摘　　要：本文以Fedorenko等(2024)提出的新论点为切入点,从语言哲学的角度讨论了如何以功能主义、溯因推理和反事实验证三种方法去发现作为语言创始点的语言奇点以及由此导致的语言功能转变。其中着重分析了基于否定词的出现而得以开发的可能性、未来性、无穷性、选择性、自反性等多种思维功能。结论是,语言奇点就是语言功能的反转点;在语言奇点之后,语言成为了思维的必要形式,思维成为了语言的根本功能。In this article,we defend the necessary connection between language and thinking by an original philosophical argument,in response to the challenging article“Language is primarily a tool for communication rather than thought”(LFC,meaning“language for communication”),published in Nature(June,2024),by a scientist team of E.Fedorenko,S.Piantadosi and E.Gibson.This article neither denies the achievement of brain science,nor the experimental evidence offered by the team of LFC.However,we argue that brain science does not provide the sufficient knowledge of the operations of brain so far,especially the mysterious quantum phenomena or the unexplainable emergences in our brains,something of which may be underlying the unrevealed link between language and thinking.And we are skeptical of the reductionism in terms of physicalism,which fails to explain the complexity of the multidimensional effects in the emergence engaged with civilizational or non-physical factors.Language and thinking are exactly the complexity of the cooperation of the physical and nonphysical including the history of civilization as well as the logic of cogito.We argue for the necessary cooperation of thinking and language,though not identical,based upon an analysis in abductive reasoning or retroductive logic.He argues that 1)the concept of language should be confined to the developed language that facilitates or mediates all possibilities of thinking,which is better not to be applied to an overextended family that includes the creatural or prehuman signal systems,for the conceptual extension might lead to confusions.To be noted,the“categorical isolation”,something of a reproductive isolation,between signal system and true language makes it impossible for a signal system to evolve naturally or spontaneously into a language;2)a true language should manifest the necessary capacity to operate reflexivity,or the reflexive explanations of itself.A true language should be the one of reflexivity,corresponding to the true thinking as cogito of ref

关 键 词：语言 语言奇点 交流 思维 否定词 自反性 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学]