指量结构和关系小句位置关系及信息功能差异  

Demonstrative-classifier Positioning in Chinese Relative Clauses:A Discourse-pragmatic Study

作　　者：寇鑫 KoU Xin(the School of Literature,Shandong University)

机构地区：[1]山东大学文学院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2024年第6期860-879,共20页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“汉语抽象名词的叙实性与推理功能研究”(21CYY032);山东省社科基金青年项目“汉语定语小句与中心语语义类型的互动关系研究”(20DYYJ05)的资助。

摘　　要：指量结构和关系小句共同修饰名词时,二者语序比较自由。但已有研究发现,在语义和句法分布上,关系小句居内式(关内式)和关系小句居外式(关外式)表现出了不同倾向。本研究通过考察两类修饰结构在实际语篇中的分布特征和信息功能,发现关内式与主语关系化匹配;小句内名词论元以“非人”类为主、语篇显著度低;小句谓词以不及物动词为主;关系小句主要发挥“增加信息”功能。而关外式与宾语关系化匹配;小句内名词论元以“人”为主、语篇显著度高;小句谓词以及物动词为主;关系小句主要发挥“锚定引入”功能。本文由此推断关内式和关外式的根本区别在于所传达的信息重心不同:前者信息重心在中心语名词,而后者为关系小句本身。这种差异可以解释关内、关外式在语义倾向和句法限制上的一系列不同。最后,通过对比数量结构和关系小句的位置关系,同时参考名词多项定语语序的研究成果,本文认为关内式和关外式所承担的信息功能差异是由汉语组织信息的偏好模式所决定的。A Chinese relative clause(RC)can either immediately precede the head NP,or be separated from its head by a demonstrative-classifier sequence(DCL).The word order variation results in two nominal constructions:the inner modifier nominal(IMN)with the DCL+RC+NP order and the outer modifier nominal(OMN)with the RC+DCL+NP order.From a discourse-pragmatic perspective,this paper explores the conditioning factors that influence the variation of the two constructions in discourse.Examinations of the structures and distribution of the constructions show that they are deployed in discourse to carry out different discourse purposes.The IMN has a strong association with the subject RCs containing intransitive verbs or inanimate nouns.The RC in IMN function as informative RC with the head noun salient in discourse.By contrast,the OMN appears more frequently with the object RC containing an animate noun.The RC in OMN serves the discourse function of anchoring,and the discourse salience of the noun contained in the RC is comparatively higher than that of the head noun.According to the discourse salience of nouns in the relative constructions,IMN and OMN demonstrate different information structures:the head noun has higher salience in IMN,while in OMN,the noun in the RC has higher discourse salience.Moreover,the different information packaging models influence the semantic orientation and syntactic representation of IMN and OMN.Finally,identifiability can account for the difference of information packaging models in IMN and OMN,as it exerts significant influence on word order variation in Chinese modifiers.

关 键 词：关系小句 指量结构 定语语序 语篇功能 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]