基于内生僵局的非线性制度变革研究:以中国婴幼儿配方奶粉行业为例  

Nonlinear Institutional Change Driven by Endogenous Im-passe:A Case Analysis of Chinese Infant Formula Industry

作　　者：苏靖 翟庆华[2] Tomas Karlsson Su Jing;Zhai Qinghua;Tomas Karlsson(School of Business Administration,Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance;School of Geographic Sciences and Institute for Global Innovation Studies,East China Normal University;Technology Management and Economics,Chalmers University of Technology)

机构地区：[1]上海立信会计金融学院工商管理学院 [2]华东师范大学地理科学学院和全球创新与发展研究院 [3]查尔姆斯理工大学技术管理与经济学院

出　　处：《南开管理评论》2024年第9期29-39,共11页Nankai Business Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(24BGL162);上海市浦江人才项目(2021PJC088)资助。

摘　　要：目前学界对制度变革给予较大关注,但主要基于“行动者中心”视角,聚焦按阶段顺利开展的制度变革过程。本研究脱离这一线性轨迹,基于多主体互动视角,研究了不同组织场域成员目标一致性在制度变革中的作用。通过对中国婴幼儿配方奶粉行业的深入案例研究,本文提出基于内生僵局的非线性制度变革过程。研究表明,婴幼儿配方奶粉行业制度变革经历了三个“目标背离—临时制度方案—内生制度僵局—新目标背离”的循环后,制度变革才彻底发生。内生制度僵局是目标背离的结果,而组织场域内制度空隙是影响僵局规模和破坏性的重要因素。同时,僵局引发组织场域成员目标转变。每次僵局后,至少有一类成员对自身目标和行动进行调试,从僵局中找到新的发展路线。正是在这种反复的僵局和调试中,制度被不断解构和重构。最终,组织场域成员目标聚合,制度变革得以实现。中国婴幼儿配方奶粉行业的发展轨迹反映了我国产业升级过程中制度变革的过程,也说明了组织场域成员目标一致性及制度空隙在制度变革中的重要作用。Scholars have paid great attention to institutional change.However,existing research mainly adopted an“actor-centered”per-spective and described institutional change as a smoothly progressing process.This study breaks away from this linear trajectory and studies the role of goal alignment between members of institutional field based on the perspective of multi-agent interaction.Through in-depth case studies of China’s infant formula industry,we unveil a non-linear institutional change process featured by endogenous impasse: (1) In the early stage of reform and opening up, government deregulation was an external factor that enabled enterprise innovation. It gave birth to the collective milk source model of “dairy farmers + milk stations + infant formula producers”. At the same time, institu-tional void existed in the field and the goals of organization field play-ers diverged. The government wanted higher industrial productivity, consumers had increasing demands for infant formula products, and manufacturers saw profit as the most important factor. As a conse-quence, the divergence in goals led to the disorderly expansion of infant formula producers, and eventually resulted in the impasse of vicious competition for raw materials and supply shortage;(2) During the pe-riod of supply shortage, government’s tighter controls of quality and price further exacerbated the deviation of goals, making it impossible for manufacturers to find solutions that meet the goals of all players. In the contradiction between complying with national standards to improve product quality and short-term profits of enterprises, the in-stitutional gap provides an opportunity for manufacturers to choose illegal loose coupling, triggering the melamine scandal impasse;(3) The melamine scandal focused government and consumer attention on product quality, which was at odds with producers’ goal of maximizing short-term profits, making is impossible to find a solution that meets the goals of all players. Infant formula producers opted

关 键 词：组织场域 制度变革 僵局 组织场域成员 婴幼儿配方奶粉 

分 类 号：F426.82[经济管理—产业经济]