毛泽东对传统知行哲学的三重改铸  

Mao Zedong’s Triple Recasting of the Traditional Philosophy of Knowledge and Action

作　　者：杨真真 王向清[2] YANG Zhen-zhen;WANG Xiang-qing(School of Marxism,Henan University of Urban Construction,Pingdingshan,Henan 467036,China;Centre for Studies on Mao Zedong Thought,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan,Hunan 411105,China)

机构地区：[1]河南城建学院马克思主义学院,河南平顶山467036 [2]湘潭大学毛泽东思想研究中心,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《湘潭大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期9-15,共7页Journal of Xiangtan University:Philosophy And Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“毛泽东思想对马克思主义中国化的开创性贡献研究”(22JJD710016);教育部重大委托项目“马克思主义中国化通史”(20JZDW003)。

摘　　要：毛泽东以马克思主义哲学立场审视传统知行哲学,实现了对它的三重改铸。首先,毛泽东扬弃了传统知行哲学。毛泽东区分了认识活动和实践活动,实现了对旧唯物论和唯心论关于知行先后之辨的双重扬弃。在坚持实践观点的基础上,实现了对传统知行哲学中分合之辨的扬弃。其次,毛泽东从四方面推进了传统知行哲学的创造性转化:将知和行的循环往复创造性转化为“物质—精神—物质”循环往复的辩证唯物论;转化为“特殊—一般—特殊”循环往复的唯物辩证法;转化为“群众—领导—群众”循环往复的群众路线工作方法;转化为“民主—集中—民主”循环往复的领导原则。再次,毛泽东从三方面促进了传统知行哲学的创新性发展:以科学的“实践”和“认识”范畴取代“行”和“知”概念,创新性地发展了传统知行哲学;对传统知行哲学关于认识过程和规律理论的创新性发展;将传统知行哲学“直观的反映论”创新性地发展为“能动的革命的反映论”。Mao Zedong,from a Marxist philosophical standpoint,critically examined the traditional philosophy of knowledge and action,achieving a triple transformation of it.Firstly,Mao Zedong abandoned the traditional philosophy of knowing and doing.He distinguished between cognitive activities and practical activities,thus transcending the dualistic debates on the precedence of knowledge over action or the reverse,as found in old materialism and idealism.On the basis of adhering to the perspective of practice,Mao Zedong realized the discarding of the division of traditional knowledge and deed philosophy.Secondly,Mao Zedong also promoted the creative transformation of traditional knowledge-action philosophy from four aspects:creatively transforming the cyclical repetition of knowing and doing into a dialectical materialist cycle of“mater-spirit-mater”,into a materialist dialectical cycle of“particular-general-particular”,into a mass line work method cycle of“masses-leadership-masses”and into a leadership principle cycle of“democracy-centralism-democracy.”Lastly,Mao Zedong also promoted the innovative development of traditional philosophy of knowledge and action in three ways:by replacing the concepts of“action”and“knowledge”with the scientific categories of“practice”and“cognition,”innovatively developing the traditional philosophy;by innovatively developing the theory of the process and laws of cognition within the traditional philosophy;and by innovatively transforming the“intuitive reflection theory”of the traditional philosophy into an“active and revolutionary reflection theory.”

关 键 词：毛泽东 知行哲学 《实践论》 扬弃 

分 类 号：A84[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]