欲望、势物与圣王:荀子礼法起源论的立体图像  

Desire,Potential Substance,and the Sacred King:A Three-Dimensional Picture of Xunzi’s Theory on the Origin of Ritual and Law

作　　者：汪博 WANG Bo(School of Marxism,Hunan University,Changsha,Hunan 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学马克思主义学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《湘潭大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期160-164,共5页Journal of Xiangtan University:Philosophy And Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目:“物”的解释传统与儒家世界观研究(24CZX016)。

摘　　要：礼法起源论是荀子建构礼法合治制度体系并予以合法性证明的重要理论内容。在论证礼法起源过程中,荀子有别于孟子以来的以内在心性为来源的形上起源观,开辟了一条以欲望、势物、圣王为三维立体图像的客观化起源路径。这三者并非意味着礼法有三种实体性来源,而是揭示出礼法起源动态过程中的三个核心节点:欲望作为人的主体属性,与作为客观存在的势物之间存在不可避免的张力和冲突,圣王以超凡智慧洞察欲-物困境,故制礼作法加以调适,使人与自然之间保持平衡协调。欲望、势物、圣王三者缺一不可,相互关联,折射出儒家物我、内外、天人等多重核心范畴,是荀子通过重构儒学来应对现实的重要理论突破。荀子这一制度建构路径,既可以观察到传统儒家思想的客观性面向,又能为现代中国制度建构的理论阐释提供借鉴。The theory of the origin of the rites and laws is an important foundation on which Xunzi built his system of rites and laws.In arguing for the origin of the rites and laws,Xunzi departed from Meng Zi’s view of the origin of form,which was based on the inner nature of the mind,and opened up a path of objectification of the origin of the rites and laws,with the three-dimensional images of desires,potential substance,and the sacred king as the three-dimensional images.These three elements do not imply that ritual and law have three distinct substantive origins;rather,they reveal three core nodes in the dynamic process of their origin:desire,as an inherent attribute of human beings,inevitably creates tension and conflict with the objective existence of power with material resources.The sacred king,with extraordinary wisdom,perceives the dilemma between desire and these forces,and thus establishes rituals and laws to mediate and maintain a balanced and harmonious relationship between humans and nature.Desire,power with material resources,and the sacred king are all indispensable and interrelated,reflecting multiple core Confucian categories such as self and things,internal and external,as well as heaven and humanity.This is Xunzi’s significant theoretical breakthrough in reconstructing Confucianism to address practical realities.Xunzi’s approach to institutional construction not only highlights the objective aspects of traditional Confucian thought but also provides valuable insights for the theoretical interpretation of modern Chinese institution construction.

关 键 词：欲望 势物 圣王 礼法 起源 

分 类 号：B222.6[哲学宗教—中国哲学]