轻罪附条件不起诉:实践检视、比较考察与制度展望  

The System of Conditional Non-Prosecution of Misdemeanors:Practical Review,Comparasion and Institutional Prospects

作　　者：吴琼 Wu Qiong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2024年第6期22-37,共16页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中国轻罪治理模式研究”(项目编号:21BFX068)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：刑事立法的积极扩张与犯罪结构的轻刑化转变,推动刑事司法由“治罪”向“治罪与治理并重”,起诉裁量权则被认为是审前分流的主要载体。现行的相对不起诉制度虽然可以实现节约司法资源,避免犯罪标签泛化等效果,却并未充分体现协商式司法理念,难以实现犯罪的有效预防。参照未成年人附条件不起诉制度,部分地区先行探索诉前考察机制,为拟被不起诉人设置志愿服务、社区劳动等附加条件,与域外起诉裁量权的发展趋势相近。轻微犯罪附条件不起诉能够提升司法效率,修复受损法益并实现有效的犯罪预防,同时具有一定的实践基础。在刑事诉讼法第四次修改之际,应明确将附条件不起诉扩展至可能判处有期徒刑三年以下的部分轻罪案件,并从启动条件、附带处分、程序适用和权利保障等多方面予以完善,从而与微罪不起诉等形成完整的审前分流机制,充分实现刑事司法的教育与矫正功能。The active expansion of criminal legislation and the trend towards leniency in the structure of offenses have propelled the shift in criminal justice from focusing solely on punishment to a dual emphasis on both punishment and governance.Prosecutorial discretion is regarded as the primary mechanism for pre-trial diversion.However,while the current system of discretionary non-prosecution can achieve the goals of conserving judicial resources and preventing the overgeneralization of criminal labels,it has not fully embodied the concept of consensual justice,making it difficult to prevent crime effectively.By drawing on the conditional non-prosecution system for juveniles,some regions have taken the lead in exploring a pre-trial correction mechanism,imposing additional conditions such as volunteer service and community labor for individuals eligible for non-prosecution.This approach aligns with the development trends of prosecutorial discretion in other jurisdictions.Conditional non-prosecution for misdemeanors can enhance judicial efficiency,restore damaged legal interests,and effectively prevent crime,with a certain level of practical basis.Given the fourth amendment to the Criminal Procedure Law,it is imperative to incorporate domestic experiences and consider international norms to expand the scope of conditional non-prosecution.It is recommended to explicitly extend conditional non-prosecution to minor offenses punishable by up to three years of imprisonment,improve conditions for initiation,accompanying sanctions,procedural application,and rights protection,and establish a comprehensive pre-trial diversion mechanism in conjunction with non-prosecution for petty crimes,thereby fully realizing the educational and correctional functions of criminal justice.

关 键 词：附条件不起诉 诉前考察机制 附带处分 轻罪治理 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]