北京市某区2021年—2023年小学生视力不良及近视状况分析  

Analysis of Visual Impairment and Myopia Among Primary School Students in a District of Beijing from 2021 to 2023

作　　者：张子凡 宿蕾艳[1] 亢泽峰[1] 张丽霞[1] 蒋飘 臧玉玲 邓宁 ZHANG Zifan;SU Leiyan;KANG Zefeng;ZHANG Lixia;JIANG Piao;ZANG Yuling;DENG Ning(Eye Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100040,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院眼科医院,北京100040

出　　处：《中国中医眼科杂志》2024年第12期1189-1194,共6页China Journal of Chinese Ophthalmology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3502501);中国中医科学院眼科医院中央高水平中医医院项目(GSP2-08)。

摘　　要：目的了解北京市某区小学在校生的视力不良及近视现况,为儿童青少年近视防控措施的制定提供依据。方法采取整群分层随机抽样的方法抽取该区4所小学学校2021年—2023年的在校生,每所小学学校1~6年级以各班全体学生为单位进行简单整群抽样,3年分别抽取2,102、2,082、2,012人,共计6,196人。连续3年每年9月开展一次裸眼远视力及屈光度检查。以不同年份、不同性别、不同年级比较该区小学生的视力不良和近视的严重程度。结果(1)整体比较:该区小学生2023年近视率低于2021年、2022年,差异均有统计学意义(χ_(2021)^(2)=7.971、χ_(2022)^(2)=7.787,均P=0.005);2021年与2022年近视率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男生视力不良率和近视率低于女生,差异均有统计学意义(χ_(视力不良率)^(2)=16.412,P=0.001;χ_(近视率)^(2)=5.057,P=0.025)。1~6年级视力不良率和近视率比较,随着年级的升高而逐渐增加,差异均有统计学意义(χ_(视力不良率)^(2)=591.320、χ_(近视率)^(2)=1,183.097,均P=0.000)。(2)视力不良严重程度分级比较:该区小学生2023年轻度视力不良率高于2021年和2022年(χ_(2021)^(2)=9.081,P=0.003;χ_(2022)^(2)=20.907,P=0.000)。女生轻度视力不良率高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.000,P=0.001)。1~6年级间轻、中、重度视力不良率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ_(轻度)^(2)=47.654,χ_(中度)^(2)=84.129,χ_(重度)^(2)=774.793,均P=0.000),总体情况为随着年级升高,轻度视力不良率呈下降趋势,而中、重度视力不良率呈上升趋势。(3)近视严重程度分级比较:该区小学生2023年低度近视率低于2021年和2022年,差异均有统计学意义(χ_(2021)^(2)=6.471,P=0.011;χ_(2022)^(2)=8.035,P=0.005)。女生低度近视率高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.073,P=0.024)。1~6年级低、中、高度近视率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ_(低度)^(2)=492.860、χ_(中度)^(2)=553.518、χ_(高OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and severity of visual impairment and myopia among primary school students in a district of Beijing,providing evidence to inform the development of preventive measures for myopia in children and adolescents.METHODS A stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select students from four primary schools in the district from 2021 to 2023.All students from grades one to six in each class were included as sampling units,with 2,102,2,082,and 2,012 students sampled in 2021,2022,and 2023,respectively,totaling 6,196 participants.Uncorrected distance visual acuity and refractive errors were assessed annually in September for three consecutive years.The severity of visual impairment and myopia was compared across different years,genders,and grade levels.RESULTS(1)Overall Comparison:The myopia prevalence in 2023 was significantly lower than in 2021 and 2022(χ_(2021)^(2)=7.971,χ_(2022)^(2)=7.787,both P=0.005).No significant difference in myopia rate was observed between 2021 and 2022(P>0.05).Boys had a lower visual impairment rate(VIR)and myopia rate(MR)than girls,with statistically significant differences(χ_(VIR)^(2)=16.412,P=0.001;χ_(MR)^(2)=5.057,P=0.025).Visual impairment and myopia rates increased significantly with advancing grade level(χ_(VIR)^(2)=591.320,χ_(MR)^(2)=1,183.097,both P=0.000).(2)Comparison of Visual Impairment Severity:The rate of mild visual impairment in 2023 was higher than in 2021 and 2022(χ_(2021)^(2)=9.081,P=0.003;χ_(2022)^(2)=20.907,P=0.000).The mild visual impairment rate was higher in girls than in boys,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=12.000,P=0.001).Comparisons of mild,moderate,and severe visual impairment rates across grades 1 to 6 showed significant differences(χ_(mild)^(2)=47.654,χ_(moderate)^(2)=84.129,χ_(severe)^(2)=774.793,all P=0.000),with a trend of decreasing mild visual impairment and increasing moderate and severe visual impairment with grade level.(3)Comparison of Myopia Severity:The rate of low myopi

关 键 词：视力不良 近视 小学生 北京市 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]